Abstract: A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like.

Abstract: A water softening device for use for a pet is provided, comprising: a first chamber having a shape of a hollow container; a second chamber having a shape of a hollow container, the second chamber being detachably attached to an upper section inside the first chamber; and a filter cartridge having a plurality of openings and containing an ion exchange resin therein, the filter cartridge being detachably attached to a bottom section of the second chamber and positioned to protrude from the bottom section of the second chamber to a lower section inside the first chamber. The second chamber is configured to receive and contain first water including tap water, and the lower section inside the first chamber is configured to receive and contain second water that is the first water after passing through the filter cartridge based on gravity.

Abstract: A water softening ball for generating softened water by immersing it in water is provided, comprising a shell having a generally hollow ellipsoidal shape, wherein a plurality of openings are formed in the shell for the inside and the outside of the shell to communicate; and a filter unit included within the shell and comprising an ion exchange resin. The ellipsoidal shape includes a spherical shape.

Abstract: A water softening ball for use for a pet is provided, comprising a shell having a generally hollow ellipsoidal shape, wherein a plurality of openings are thrilled in the shell for the inside and the outside of the shell to communicate; and a filter unit included within the shell and comprising an ion exchange resin. The ellipsoidal shape includes a spherical shape.

Abstract: A water softening ball for generating softened water by immersing it in water is provided, comprising a shell having a generally hollow ellipsoidal shape, wherein a plurality of openings are formed in the shell for the inside and the outside of the shell to communicate; and a filter unit included within the shell and comprising an ion exchange resin. The ellipsoidal shape includes a spherical shape.

Abstract: A water softening device for use for a pet is provided, comprising: a first chamber having a shape of a hollow container; a second chamber having a shape of a hollow container, the second chamber being detachably attached to an upper section inside the first chamber; and a filter cartridge having a plurality of openings and containing an ion exchange resin therein, the filter cartridge being detachably attached to a bottom section of the second chamber and positioned to protrude from the bottom section of the second chamber to a lower section inside the first chamber. The second chamber is configured to receive and contain first water including tap water, and the lower section inside the first chamber is configured to receive and contain second water that is the first water after passing through the filter cartridge based on gravity.