Abstract: Process for the quantitative determination of gasoline film deposited on the intake manifold of an engine with controlled ignition, which comprises the following steps:a) feeding of a first set of injectors (I) with a first fuel selected from those which do not leave deposits in the feeding manifold;b) opening of the second set of injectors (II) fed with a second fuel to be tested, until an equilibrium stage of the air/fuel ratio equal to that of step (a) is reached;c) calculation of the mass of fuel film by integrating the difference in the flow-rate values measured in step (b).

Abstract: Process for determining the effect of lubricants and the relative components on exhaust emissions, specifically on the particulate, of an internal combustion engine which comprises:(a) feeding, under almost constant flow rate conditions, the lubricant, or its components, to a single-orifice injector, through which the lubricant is sprayed into the intake air manifold of an engine; the flow rate of the lubricant is regulated to be from 2 to 8% of the flow rate of the fuel; the viscosity of the lubricant near the single-orifice injector being from 30 to 50 cSt;(b) combustion of the lubricant and fuel with the consequent formation of exhaust gases;(c) evaluation of the gases and of the particulate contained in the exhaust gases formed in step (b).

Abstract: A gas oil composition for motor vehicles, with a sulfur content lower than 0.2% by weight and with a content of aromatic hydrocarbons lower than about 30% by weight, contains, as a lubricity improver agent, an amount of from 100 to 10,000 ppm (parts per million parts by weight) of lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyl esters of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 fatty acids, derived from vegetable oleaginous seeds.

Abstract: A carbonate ester of an aliphatic triol or tetraol which can be defined with the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R' and p are as defined in the description, is used as a lubricating base with a low quantity of smoke for two-phase engines with internal combustion.Lubricating compositions are described which contain a carbonate ester (1) together with one or more products selected from solvents, bright stock, or other anti-seizing additives, plus normal additives.

Abstract: The preparation is disclosed of an extruded catalyst based on a silica/alumina gel, which catalyst is particularly active in acid-catalyzed reactions, such as the oligomerization of light olefins, e.g., propylene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for carrying out the selective dimerization of isobutene in order to produce alpha- and beta-di-isobutene dimer.sub.3, according to which process an isobutene stream is brought into contact, under dimerization conditions, with a solid silica gel/alumina catalyst which is amorphous when analyzed by X-ray diffraction, displays a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 comprised within the range of from 30:1 to 500:1, has a surface-area comprised within the range of from 500 to 1000 m.sup.2 /g, a porosity of from 0.3 to 0.6 ml/g and an average pore diameter of approximately 10 .ANG. (.ANG.ngstrom), and is free from pores with a larger diameter than 30 .ANG..

Abstract: Detergent additive for liquid fuels, obtained by means of the trans-esterification of a tertiary amine bearing at least two hydroxy functions, with a dialkyl carbonate and a higher aliphatic alcohol, and process for preparing said detergent additive.

Abstract: A process for preparing bituminous mixtures with added thermoplastic polymer is described, the mixtures having storage stability and improved general properties.The process consists of treating the bitumen-polymer mixtures with an unsaturated dicarboxylic aliphatic acid or with the relative anhydride.

Abstract: The alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal salts are disclosed of a monoester of a bicarboxy acid having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl, R.sup.1 is either hydrogen or alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl and A is nothing or alkylene, and the corresponding hyperbasic derivatives, useful as detergent additives for lubricants.Also the lubricating compositions containing such additives are disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle including a valve having an axial hole therethrough for feeding a first fuel to a collection zone and having a pathway for alternately feeding a second fuel to the same or different collection zone to enable the single nozzle to inject separate streams of each fuel into a compression ignition engine combustion chamber.