Abstract: A method and apparatus of cofiring hazardous organic waste in solid, pasty, greasy or sludge form by introducing it directly into the burning zone of an industrial rotary kiln and burning the waste in the burning zone simultaneously with cement, lime or lightweight aggregate. Specifically disclosed are five exemplary embodiments for introducing the waste directly into the burning zone of the kiln, i.e., (1) through a side opening in the kiln, (2) ballistically, (3) by pre-mixing with a powder or granular material and pneumatically injecting the non-sticky mixture, (4) by shredding steel drums containing the waste and thereafter separating the drum fragments and mixing the remaining waste with powder or granular material (i.e. as in (3) and (5) by pregasification of the waste.

Abstract: In an electrostatic precipitator for cleansing flue gases from industrial plants, comprising one or more precipitator sections powered from a separate continuous or intermittent DC-voltage electric supplies, a method and apparatus for detecting back corona, i.e. discharges in the dust layer precipitated on the collecting electrodes of an emission electrode system during the cleansing process, by making periodic upward adjustment of the precipitator current for each DC-voltage supply until spark-over occurs, and where after spark-over or a blocking of the precipitator current for a predetermined period of time if no spark-over occurs, the minimum value of the precipitator voltage is compared wtih the minimum value before the spark-over or before the blocking period, the latter minimum value being corrected by means of a predetermined sensitivity factor.

Abstract: A method of granulating lime powder or the like, use being made of a counterflow mixing machine with scraping and mixing means. The mixing means are rotated about a substantially vertical axis, and the bottom of the mixing vessel is covered with a layer of substantially ball shaped bodies, and raw material, e.g. lime, is subsequently added in a suitable amount having a specified moisture content, the mixing means subsequently being rotated such that the raw material after a specified period of time dependent on its moisture content, sticks to the ball shaped bodies.

Abstract: A vertical roller mill has a rotatable grinding table (1) which is fed with material to be ground through a feed pipe (14) so that a cone of material is formed between the bottom of the pipe and the table, and scrapers (25) for intercepting the cone and spreading the material over the table and under grinding rollers. In order to avoid the feed pipe running empty so that the cone is not formed, sensors (21) sense the level of material in the pipe and controlling means (19,20) responsive to the sensors adjust the height of the feed pipe and/or the angle of the scrapers.

Abstract: A cyclone for treating pulverous raw material suspended in a hot gas stream, for use, for example, in a suspension preheater plant for treating cement raw materials and similar materials, comprises a tubular chamber with a vertical axis, a cone shaped bottom with a central outlet for precipitated material, a central outlet for hot gases at the top of the chamber and a tangential inlet for hot air. The inlet has a chamfered wall causing the suspension stream entering the cyclone through the duct leading to the inlet to be deflected outwards against the inner surface of the chamber wall and downwards into the cyclone chamber.

Abstract: A tubular reactor for heat treatment of granular material in suspension has a vessel (1) up through which a flow of gas and burning fuel passes. The vessel contains vanes (20) which cause the gas to follow a helical path and fling outwards entrained material, which falls down the vessel wall and is displaced inwardly by frusto-conical rings (30).

Abstract: Equipment for monitoring the concentration of components in a gas flow has two probes (1,2) located at (63) in the gas flow. Sample gas is drawn through the probes and through pipes (3,4) by a pump (8), and test samples are extracted from the pipes by pumps (11,12) and fed to an analysis line (10). The probes (1,2) work alternately, and, when one is not working, it may be cleaned by blowing air through from a source (9), while the corresponding one of the pipes (3,4) is blocked from the line (10) by valves (13-16).

Abstract: A probe for taking a sample of dusty gas has a duct (2) with a cooling mantle (11) and leading to a compartment (4) with a filter (5). The duct inlet (1) is convergent to reduce gas velocity and hence dust entrainment.

Abstract: A rapping mechanism for the rapping of discharge and field electrodes in a high voltage driven electrostatic precipitator used for the cleansing of smoke laden gases from industrial plants, power works etc. The rapping effect is obtained by metal balls which run from the top of the precipitator to its bottom along a number of sloping tracks which are mounted stepwise, with differences of level, on the electrodes or on the carrying frames of same. A single ball in connection with its changing from one track to the following track, when falling freely and moving horizontally, hits both the underlying track and a stop mounted near the lower end of the track thereby causing each electrode carrying frame to receive two consecutive blows of different force so that the frame is rapped and the deposited dust is loosened and falls off. A lifting device of known type carries the balls from a terminated passage down along the tracks to a starting position for a renewed passage of the tracks.

Abstract: A rotatable drum (1) carries, and is driven by, a gear rim (3), with bevel toothing (12), via a flexible frustoconical casing (5) which accommodates distortions of the drum and absorbs axial loading resulting from the bevel toothing. Flexing of the gear rim is resisted on one side by the stiffness of the casing (5) and on the other side by a stiffening ring (9).

Abstract: A vertical roller mill has stationary grinding rollers which roll over a grinding path (4) of a rotatable grinding table (1), and a surrounding nozzle ring (7) for conveying and separating air. A coarse fraction of ground material is entrained upwards and radially inwards over an inclined outer wall (19) of a screen (15) and is directed downwards by an overlying guide wall (16) onto an inclined inner wall (20) of the screen (15) and hence back to the grinding table (1) for further grinding.

Abstract: A Clinker cooler has a stationary tubular body (4) with a material inlet (3) connected to a kiln (1) and a material outlet (5). Material (18) is repeatedly raised into the path of cooling air from a fan (7) by blasts of air from a row of blasters (8).

Abstract: A rapping mechanism for an electrostatic precipitator comprises hammers (1) which are swingable on a shaft (2) carrying a driver pin (6). As the shaft rotates, the driver pin (6) engages a surface (7) of a pawl (4), which is pivoted on the hammer (1), thus picking up and raising the hammer until the pawl (4) is disengaged from the driver pin (6) by an adjustable release tap (9). The hammer then swings back down under gravity and raps a bar (13) connected to electrodes.

Abstract: A gas swept tube mill has a rotary shell (1) supported on a bearing (5) by a slide ring (3), which is reinforced by a stiffening web plate (4). Ground material and gas pass out of the mill shell through a sieve plate (10) and openings (8) in a frustoconical connecting section (12) into a stationary casing (9). The wider end of the section (12) is of similar diameter to the shell (1), to which it is fastened, and the narrower end of the section (12) is fastened to a drive shaft (7) for rotating the shell (1).

Abstract: A protective triggering system protects the thyristor switch element of a pulse generator circuit controlling a pulse operated electrostatic precipitator. The protective triggering is initiated for every pulse in the area around passage of the pulse current from positive to negative, its object being to supplement the spark-over released retriggering system so as to ensure that spark-overs occurring immediately after the current passage across zero do not cause renewed thyristor current in the absence of a triggering signal.

Abstract: A gate for adjustably splitting a flow of granular material comprises an inlet pipe (1) which discharges onto a pivotal baffle plate (5) in an intermediate piece (2) overlying a circular plate which is formed with openings leading through respective hoppers (3) to respective ones of two or more outlet pipes (4). The baffle plate spreads the flow of material and pivoting of the baffle on a vertical shaft (6) adjusts the discharge of material through the various openings.

Abstract: A kiln plant for producing cement of other clinker from chloride-containing raw material has a kiln (2), a suspension preheater (4,5,6,7) through which kiln exit gas passes to a precipitator (8), and a by-pass conduit (11,14) through which a portion of the kiln exit gas passes via an air quenching unit (12) to the precipitator without encountering any further precipitator.

Abstract: A separator for sorting particulate material has a rotor (1) with vanes (3); static, separately adjustable guide vanes (8,9); a casing (14) defining an inlet duct for material suspended in a conveying gas; an outlet (7) for a suspended fine fraction; and a hopper (12) for collecting a coarse fraction.

Abstract: A separator has a rotor (1) with top and bottom plates (2,3). An annular collecting casing (10) is secured to the top plate and is positioned at a radial distance from the material inlets (13). The casing has a concave side which faces the top plate (2) for collecting material (15) which is flung outwards from the top plate (2), and for discharging the material (19) downwards.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for transferring heat from a dust-containing gaseous medium to a second medium comprises a housing (3) with an inlet (1) and an outlet (5) for the gaseous medium, which flows along a U-shaped path around a partition wall (2) suspended from a top plate (4). The second medium flows along U-shaped pipes (6) in the U-shaped path from an inlet chamber (29) to an outlet chamber (28). Rapping cylinders (13), which are mounted on the top plate (4), periodically rap the pipes (6) to dislodge dust from the pipes into a discharge hopper (12). The top plate is mounted via resilient supports (31) on the upper edge of the housing (3).