Abstract: An integrated ground surface system is provided for collecting and recycling de-icing fluid. The system includes: a permeable ground surface layer; a containment area located below the permeable ground surface layer, and comprising an impermeable liner to collect the de-icing fluid; a reservoir in fluidic communication with the containment area for storing the de-icing fluid; and an applicator device in fluidic communication with the reservoir to dispense the de-icing fluid.

Abstract: A paving element includes upper and lower surfaces and one or more drainage channels extending through the paving element between the upper and lower surfaces. The drainage channels include a substantially concave or cupule shaped upper portion, provided on the upper surface of the paving element, and a channel from the concave portion through to the lower surface of the bottom surface of the paving element. The drainage channels can be complete, when provided in the interior of the paving element, or partial, when provided along the sides or perimeter of the paving element. The partial channels are completed when the paving element is placed adjacent another paving element when forming a pavement. The drainage channels are adapted to facilitate the cleaning process of the channels.

Abstract: An integrated ground surface system is provided for collecting and recycling de-icing fluid. The system includes: a permeable ground surface layer; a containment area located below the permeable ground surface layer, and comprising an impermeable liner to collect the de-icing fluid; a reservoir in fluidic communication with the containment area for storing the de-icing fluid; and an applicator device in fluidic communication with the reservoir to dispense the de-icing fluid.

Abstract: A paving element includes upper and lower surfaces and one or more drainage channels extending through the paving element between the upper and lower surfaces. The drainage channels include a substantially concave or cupule shaped upper portion, provided on the upper surface of the paving element, and a channel from the concave portion through to the lower surface of the bottom surface of the paving element. The drainage channels can be complete, when provided in the interior of the paving element, or partial, when provided along the sides or perimeter of the paving element. The partial channels are completed when the paving element is placed adjacent another paving element when forming a pavement. The drainage channels are adapted to facilitate the cleaning process of the channels.

Abstract: In one aspect, a paving system for sequestering pollutants comprises one or more layers, at least one of said layers comprising a sequestering agent, and a fluid flow restrictor. In another aspect, a method of applying a sequestering agent to a paving system comprises obtaining a sequestering agent medium; and applying the sequestering agent medium to a paving system. In another aspect, the paving system comprises a piping layer for draining fluid from the paving system.

Abstract: In one aspect, a paving system for sequestering pollutants is provided, the paving system comprising one or more layers, at least one of said layers comprising a sequestering agent, and a fluid flow restrictor in another aspect, a method of applying a sequestering agent to a paving system is provided, the method comprising obtaining a sequestering agent medium; and applying the sequestering agent medium to a paving system. In yet another aspect, a paving system comprising a piping layer for draining fluid from the paving system is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tree grille system for covering tree grates. Said system consists of grille sections (1), which are interconnected by couplings (7) to form a self-supporting tree grille. The couplings (7) consist of two fixed coupling parts (8) configured on the grille sections (1) and a coupling part (9) that can be inserted between the other parts and then rotated into a locking position. An arc-shaped rib (18) is configured on the underside of the fixed coupling parts (8), the outer peripheral face (21) of said rib being configured as a ramp-type clamping surface (23). One section of said surface (23) is provided with undulating fluting (24). When the displaceable coupling part (9) is rotated into the locking position, teeth (34) that are formed on said part slide over the fluting (24), causing the displaceable coupling part (9) to be locked by a friction and positive fit in the locking position.

Abstract: A cluster of paving elements is formed with a peripheral edge having a re-entrant formation formed between the upper supporting surface and the lower, supported surface. The formation engages a complimentary formation on an adjacent cluster to inhibit relative movement between the clusters. The re-entrant formation may be applied to individual paving elements in the cluster or to the exposed faces of the elements at the periphery of the cluster. The elements in the cluster may be shaped to inter-engage to inhibit relative movement between the elements with in the cluster.