Abstract: An optical detector device includes a housing with a projecting neck that is closed off towards the outside by a light-transmissive pane, under which at least one optical waveguide that tapers in the direction of an optical sensor is disposed. An optical waveguide arrangement has a plurality of optical waveguides which are retained in the neck by a holding mechanism.

Abstract: In a method for calibrating at least one detector array formed by a plurality of detectors that is exposed to a high-energy, fan-shaped expanding radiation emanating from an approximately point-like energy source, serving the penetration of a material for measuring physical properties due to the absorption capacity of the material, it is provided that at least two in each case homogeneously formed calibration bodies whose gradually differing absorption is designed in a way that the absorption capacity of the one calibration body is lower and the one of the other calibration body is higher than the absorbance capacity of the material to be measured.

Abstract: In a method for calibrating at least one detector array formed by a plurality of detectors that is exposed to a high-energy, fan-shaped expanding radiation emanating from an approximately point-like energy source, serving the penetration of a material for measuring physical properties due to the absorption capacity of the material, it is provided that at least two in each case homogeneously formed calibration bodies whose gradually differing absorption is designed in a way that the absorption capacity of the one calibration body is lower and the one of the other calibration body is higher than the absorbance capacity of the material to be measured.

Abstract: A device is disclosed which detects and evaluates electromagnetic radiation from an area or region. The device includes two measuring chains, and a control and evaluation unit. Each measuring chain has a head forming a boundary surface for the area and is provided with a transmitter and a receiver. In order to test the device, a test signal is emitted via the transmitter of one measuring chain and is reflected on the boundary surface. The reflected portion is received by the receiver of the same measuring chain and is transmitted to the control and evaluation unit. The portion transmitted is received via the boundary surface of the receiver of the opposite measuring chain and is transmitted to the control and evaluation unit. The comparison of the two signals provides statements relating to the contamination of the boundary surfaces, the state of the area and the functioning of the measuring chains.

Abstract: The timber (2) passes in a direction of movement (3) between successive clamping roller pairs (27, 26), between which a test roller (48) imposes a flexible bending f.sub.D on the timber (2). The imposed flexible bending f.sub.D is maintained at least approximately constant by controlling a setting drive (70) by means of a computer (83). Any possible natural curvature of the timber (2) is measured by measuring elements (80, 81) and is taken into account. The thickness (d) of the timber is also measured without contact by measuring elements (81, 82). The restoring force is measured by a force measuring device (68) and the position of the test roller (48) transversely to the direction of movement (3) is measured by a distance transducer (77).

Abstract: A measuring device (8) comprises an emitter (9) and a linear array (10) of detector elements (11 to 14). The emitter (9) emits a radiation beam (15) which enters into a narrow face (20) of a panel-like workpiece (7) at an angle (19). The individual rays (1 to 4) of the radiation beam (15) have different length paths (21 to 24) through the workpiece (7) and thus have differently attenuated output intensities. By difference calculations on the output intensities of the rays (1 to 4) thus obtained, one can calculate density values in the narrow face (20) and finally establish a density profile through the thickness (6) of the workpiece (7).

Abstract: A marking station for defect locations and quality limits in timber includes a timber transporting device, a transporting speed changing device, and an indicating station part with a laser transmitting element formed as a mirror, and laser. The laser is arranged stationary so that the laser beam extends parallel to a movement direction of the timber and impinges on the mirror. The mirror deviates the laser beam transversely to the movement direction. The laser beam indicates on the timber, in the movement direction, a first separating plane before a defect location and a second separating plane behind the defect location. The laser beam also indicates quality limits. Indicating positions of the laser transmitting element are transmitted to a computer.

Abstract: A marking station for defect locations and quality limits in timber comprises a transporting device arranged to transport a timber in a movement direction through the marking station, a device for changing a transporting speed of the timber in the marking station, an indicating station part provided with a laser transmitting element and operative for indicating on the timber with a laser beam a first separating plane in the movement direction before a defect location and a second separating plane in the movement direction behind the defect location as well as for indicating quality limits, the laser transmitting element being movable by an operator along a guiding means parallel to the movement direction relative to the timber to indicating positions corresponding to the separating planes and the quality limits, a computer receiving the indicating positions of the laser transmitting element in the movement direction, the laser transmitting element being formed as a first mirror, a laser producing the laser be