Abstract: The invention relates to a method for characterizing the bioindicators in sterilization processes using an autoclave and the like, in which a bioindicator is kept in the same conditions as the sterilization chamber (2) and extracted after a predetermined time interval. For this purpose the chamber (2) has, passing through it, a tube (5) on the ends of which valves (8-9, 10-11) are mounted, said valves allowing the insertion, from above, of a bioindicator sample and its extraction from below, when required, without a significant loss of sterilizing agent. Alternatively, the duct (5) may also be arranged outside the sterilization chamber (2) and kept in communication therewith by a bypass connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve intended in particular for sanitary applications, comprising a body in which there are a first and a second perpendicular duct for the flow of a fluid to be shut off; a closure member acts in the valve body to close and open the first duct. The closure member is constituted by a central core with a flexible, circular ring extending around it and has a head having a diverging profile which closes and opens the first duct as a result of the action of the actuator means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning apparatus which uses as operative fluid liquid and/or supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) or other dense-phase fluids such as ammonia or hydrocarbons. The apparatus may have various applications including the cleaning of garments and the degreasing of electronic or mechanical components; the apparatus comprises a cleaning chamber (1), basically formed by a pressurised container, and an installation for supplying the CO2 which includes a storage tank (30) and a distiller (31). Advantageously, in order to start a cleaning cycle, the chamber (1) is pressurised with gaseous CO2 taken from the tank and/or from the distiller which are then excluded from the path of the liquid CO2 used for the actual cleaning. The invention also comprises a special cleaning chamber (1) having a lid and a cylindrical jacket, that are provided with respective mating edges between which operates an improved seal suitable for preventing leakage of supercritical fluids.