Abstract: A two piece, two-stage, rechargeable, reusable, reduced-energy mechanically operating cartridge is provided for launching a bullet of various compositions from a dedicated or modified firearm. The cartridge unit is comprised of a primary case, a piston sleeve, a propellant unit, and a bullet choice of a solid light weight material for inanimate-target applications or a “marking” version for non-lethal live-target training applications. Cartridge includes a piston sleeve and a primary case coupled together via a channel and cog locking/traveling/unlocking system. The primary case includes a substantially non-deformable jacket defining a cavity to receive a propellant unit or propellant connection and provides the channels to receive piston sleeves cogs for a locking/traveling/unlocking feature. The piston sleeve includes a substantially non-deformable jacket defining a cavity to receive configured bullet.

Abstract: A two piece, two-stage, rechargeable, reusable, reduced-energy mechanically operating cartridge is provided for launching a bullet of various compositions from a dedicated or modified firearm. The cartridge unit is comprised of a primary case, a piston sleeve, a propellant unit, and a bullet choice of a solid light weight material for inanimate-target applications or a “marking” version for non-lethal live-target training applications. Cartridge includes a piston sleeve and a primary case coupled together via a channel and cog locking/traveling/unlocking system. The primary case includes a substantially non-deformable jacket defining a cavity to receive a propellant unit or propellant connection and provides the channels to receive piston sleeves cogs for a locking/traveling/unlocking feature. The piston sleeve includes a substantially non-deformable jacket defining a cavity to receive configured bullet.

Abstract: A two piece, two-stage, rechargeable, reusable, reduced-energy mechanically operating cartridge is provided for launching a bullet of various compositions from a dedicated or modified firearm. The cartridge unit is comprised of a primary case, a piston sleeve, a propellant unit, and a bullet choice of a solid light weight material for inanimate-target applications or a “marking” version for non-lethal live-target training applications. Cartridge includes a piston sleeve and a primary case coupled together via a channel and cog locking/traveling/unlocking system. The primary case includes a substantially non-deformable jacket defining a cavity to receive a propellant unit or propellant connection and provides the channels to receive piston sleeves cogs for a locking/traveling/unlocking feature. The piston sleeve includes a substantially non-deformable jacket defining a cavity to receive configured bullet.

Abstract: A non-toxic heavy-metal-free priming mix and a method of forming same, designed especially for industrial shotshells and other shotshells having abnormally heavy charges of propellant in an effort to qualify for heavy duty assignments such as the need to break up cement which has set up within a cement kiln and impedes the operation of the kiln. The mix is characterized by the inclusion of a secondary highly shock-sensitive explosive, PETN, in unusually large amounts such as 13-17% by weight of the mix as well as equally large amounts of powdered aluminum, as a fuel. This combination, supported by potassium nitrate and ferric oxide as primary and secondary oxidizers, respectively, proves to be highly effective. Each of the components, namely DDNP, PETN, tetracene, glass, powdered aluminum, potassium nitrate, ferric oxide, and gum tragacanth is non-toxic and heavy-metal-free.

Abstract: A bullet comprised of a jacket of malleable metal having a closed nose portion and a rear end portion defined by a cylindrical wall, the closed nose portion having wall-weakening areas encapsulating a forward core made of a deformable material which promptly deforms, collapses axially, and expands radially to a substantial extent along with the weakened wall areas, when the bullet strikes a target. The wall weakened areas of the nose portion are ruptured by the core material to produce a collapsing and readily expanding action. These weakened wall areas are in the form of longitudinally extending, deep, internal or external, circumferentially spaced grooves with underlying web areas which are ruptured by the core material, to produce the collapsing and expanding action.

Abstract: A bullet comprised of a jacket of malleable metal having a closed nose portion and a rear end portion defined by a cylindrical wall, the closed nose portion having wall-weakening areas encapsulating a forward core made of a deformable material which promptly deforms, collapses axially, and expands radially to a substantial extent along with the weakened wall areas, when the bullet strikes a target. The nose portion has wall-weakened areas which are ruptured by the core material to produce a collapsing and radially expanding action. These weakened wall areas are in the form of longitudinally extending, deep, internal or external, circumferentially spaced grooves with underlying web areas which are ruptured by the core material, to produce the collapsing and expanding action. This core is preferably made of rubber, urethane, silicone, or one of a substantial number of plastics, each of which has a hardness within a range of Shore A 20 to Rockwell 122.

Abstract: A mushrooming bullet having a highly improved performance in the retention of the lead core within the bullet jacket subsequent to impact, and in performing effectively over a substantially wider velocity range, the bullet retaining its lead core within its jacket substantially 98-100% of its firings at high velocities, and mushrooming more effectively at lower velocities than conventionally manufactured bullets. The jacket is characterized by a base portion which has a substantially larger interior diameter than its shank portion, and a mouth portion which is substantially softer than its shank portion. The mushrooming of the nose portion of the core and the mouth portion of the jacket is effectively arrested by the harder thick shank portion when the bullet strikes a target, and thereby minimizes the loss of lead from the core.

Abstract: A shotshell comprised of shot pellets of different densities and materials which provide increased effectiveness at both close and long range. Preferably the pellets are disposed in longitudinally stratified layers, with the more dense pellets located rearwardly of the pellets of lesser density. The pellets having the greater density maintain a closer pattern at long range, because they are preferably made of tungsten which has a high density and are located rearwardly, while the pellets having lesser density are preferably made of steel, describe a much wider pattern because of their lower density and forward location, and are therefore most effective at close range.

Abstract: A bullet comprised of a jacket of malleable metal having a closed nose portion encapsulating a forward core made of rubber, the nose portion having circumferentially spaced, axially extending deep scores in its nose-defining walls, and a rear core within the jacket made of a malleable metal preferably softer than that of the jacket and hard-seated against the rear of the rubber core to bring pressure against the interior surface of the meplat and the interior surface of the nose-defining walls of the nose portion, whereby upon the bullet striking and penetrating a target, the scores will rupture and the nose-defining walls of the nose portion will collapse axially and open, and together with the rubber core, will expand substantially in a radial direction to thereby provide an adequate penetration, optimum expansion bullet.

Abstract: A lead-free, heavy-metal free rim-fire priming composition consisting essentially of diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) as a primary explosive, a low percentage of a secondary sensitization explosive (tetracene), with a high percentage of abrasive (ground glass) and a very low percentage of an effective lead-free, heavy-metal-free oxidizer. A strong binder is added to aid in the installation and retention of the composition within the rim of the casings. A dye is also included for the sole purpose of facilitating visual inspection within the casing after installation of the composition within the rim. The high percentage by weight of the ground glass (46-60%) in combination with DDNP is of principal importance. The preferred mix is comprised of 29.8% of DDNP, 4.0 tetracene, 57.0% ground glass, and 7.5% potassium nitrate with 1.5% gum tragacanth added as a binder and 0.2% Prussian Blue as a dye.

Abstract: A method of forming a frangible metal bullet core comprising providing an elongated inner heart member made up initially of a bundle of parallel zinc wires, twisting a plurality of zinc wires tightly around that bundle in a spiral path to cause the wires to inter-engage, deform and cohere to each other, and thereafter swaging the inter-engaged wires into the shape of a bullet core to cause the core, upon striking a target, to disintegrate into fragments smaller than the individual wires. Although copper, iron, and steel wires may be used, zinc made up of 99.99% pure zinc has been found to be preferable for forming such a core.

Abstract: A one piece shot cup (also commonly known as a shot pouch) designed especially for use in protecting the bore of a shotgun barrel when shooting hard shot made of a material such as tungsten or non-annealed steel. The cup is characterized by the use of shield members located opposite and outwardly of equally spaced tear lines which are defined by narrow areas of substantially weakened wall structure extending longitudinally of the cup. The shield members are connected to the wall structure of the tubular member only adjacent its closed rear end portion and are otherwise separate and free thereof. Portions of the tubular member extend between the circumferentially spaced shield members. The shield members prevent the shot, which ruptures the tear lines, from damaging the bore of the shotgun barrel. They also aid in holding the shot in an improved aligned relation to thereby improve the shot pattern.

Abstract: Nontoxic, biodegradable injection-molded, plastic shotshell components, and method of manufacturing same, the components having a fused degradation composition comprising as its active ingredients polycaprolactone, amide stearate and vegetable oil, the latter two enhancing the degradation activity of the polycaprolactone and imparting injection-moldability thereto.

Abstract: A lead-free centerfire primer which, when fired, is devoid of serious toxic effects, and is characterized by the use of 5-20%, by weight, of barium nitrate as its oxidizer, in combination with 24-40% by weight of a primary explosive, 4-10% by weight of a sensitizer, 20-30% by weight of a nitrated ester, 4-10% by weight of an abrasive sensitizer, 4-7% by weight of a fuel, and 0.8-2.0% by weight of a binder.

Abstract: A photo-degradable, molded, high strength plastic shotshell component having a degradation composition comprising as its combination of active ingredients linear polyethylene having a melt index of 0.1 to 5.0 and an ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide terpolymer, the ratios by weight of which to said linear polyethylene is approximately 0.115:1 to 0.261:1 The ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide terpolymer in its preferred composition has about 65% by weight of ethylene, 25% by weight of vinyl acetate, and 10% by weight of carbon monoxide.