Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor arrangement includes at least a bottom portion, a roof portion, and at least one side wall vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion. The side wall is arranged to be inclined at the lower portion in such a manner that the cross section of a reaction chamber of the reactor diminishes towards the bottom portion. The fluidized bed reactor arrangement also includes a heat exchange chamber, in which the inclined side wall forms a partition wall between a heat exchange chamber and the reaction chamber. The rear wall of the heat exchange chamber is connected to the side wall of the reaction chamber from the upper portion of the rear wall at a connection area in such a manner that the direction thereof aligns with the direction of the side wall at least at the connection.

Abstract: A method of supporting walls of a hanging furnace of a thermal power boiler, in which method, the walls, being formed of vertical water tubes, are supported horizontally at least by means of buckstays, and vertical pillars, located outside the buckstays, are attached to the ground or the foundations of a boiler building. The method includes attaching beams to the outer surface of the water tube walls, parallel with the vertical water tubes of the walls. Buckstays are attached to the outer surface of the beams. The buckstays are positioned substantially perpendicular to the vertical water tubes of the walls. At least two of the walls, located on opposite sides of the furnace, are connected to the vertical pillars by means of the beams and by an attachment connected directly to the beams and to the pillars, in such a way that pressure loads directed perpendicularly to the water tube walls are transferred by means of the vertical pillars to at least one rigid plane surrounding the boiler.

Abstract: A fluidized bed boiler plant and a method of combusting sulfurous fuel in the fluidized bed boiler plant, a furnace of which plant is provided with a fluidized bed of particles. Sulfurous fuel, CaCO3-containing sulphur-binding agent and combusting air are introduced to the bed of particles, whereby fuel burns and generates flue gases and the sulphur-binding agent calcinates to CaO and binds SO2 generated in the combustion. Energy is recovered to a heat exchange medium circulating in heat exchange tubes of a condensing heat exchanger arranged in a flue gas channel, and a water solution of acid condensing on outer surfaces is neutralized by mixing it in a mixing vessel to a CaO-containing ash from a plant, preferably, fly ash collected by a dust separator.

Abstract: A steam generation boiler includes a bottom portion and a roof portion, as well as walls that extend vertically between the bottom portion and the roof portion, thus forming a reaction chamber of the steam generation boiler, the walls of which reaction chamber embody a structure that includes steam generator pipes. The steam generation boiler includes, in its lower portion, at least one wall section tapering towards the bottom portion. A first group of steam pipes in the tapering wall section is arranged to pass from the wall plane into the reaction chamber and to extend from the wall plane to the bottom portion of the steam generation boiler on the side of the reaction chamber forming a wall in the reaction chamber, and a second group of steam pipes is arranged to pass to the bottom portion along the wall plane.

Abstract: A separator construction, connectable to a fluidized bed boiler having a furnace, for circulating bed material and returning the material to the furnace. The separator construction includes walls, a ceiling, an inlet conduit, an outlet conduit in flow communication with a flue gas channel located above the separator, and a suspending device connecting the separator to a supporting structure in a building housing the boiler. The suspending device is formed of a frame arranged between the flue gas channel and the separator in connection with an upper circumference of the wall of the separator, and hanger rods or wires connecting the frame directly to the supporting structure.

Abstract: A thermal power boiler includes a furnace having a rear wall, a flue gas channel connected to the furnace, the flue gas channel including a back pass arranged on the rear wall side of the furnace, and a pre-heater for combustion air provided with an inlet channel for flue gas, the upper portion of the inlet channel for flue gas being connected to the lower portion of the back pass, and a flow channel for combustion air arranged adjacent to the inlet channel for flue gas, leading pre-heated combustion air to the furnace. The inlet channel for flue gas includes two adjacent channel portions that are connected to opposite sides of the back pass.

Abstract: A method of recovering heat from bottom ash that is discharged from a combustion process in a furnace. Fuel and combustion air are fed into a furnace for combusting the fuel in order to generate heat energy to produce steam or hot water in a boiler arrangement, in which flue gases and bottom ash are formed. The bottom ash is discharged from the furnace. Heat is recovered from the flue gases, and heat is recovered to a bottom ash cooling water circuit from the bottom ash discharged from the furnace in order to utilize the recovered heat for preheating the combustion air in a heat exchanger.

Abstract: An impact rapping device includes a stationary anvil integrated with a surface to be rapped, the anvil having a hammering axis perpendicular to the surface to rapped, a hammer arranged to move coaxially with the hammering axis, to hit an impact surface of the anvil, and a device for moving the hammer. The anvil and the hammer form a compact unit, which can be assembled in any position. The hammer is supported to lean on the anvil in such a way that the position of the hammer automatically follows changes of place or position of the anvil, and so that the hammer can move only parallel to the hammering axis.

Abstract: A method of feeding at least one of light, fine and moist fuel into a furnace of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Fuel is fed into the furnace through a fuel feed and the fuel is combusted in a turbulent, circulating fluidized bed. A fuel feed area is isolated from the turbulent circulating bed by arranging the fuel feed along at least one channel arranged in a wall of the furnace. Solids of the circulating bed material are introduced onto a first grid section at the bottom of the fuel feed area. The fuel and the solids are mixed and fluidized above the grid section to form a fuel-solids mixture that flows laterally onto a second grid section and a third grid section where the mixture is fluidized. The fluidized bed material is circulated both inside and outside of the furnace. The bed material is separated from the flue gases and returned to the furnace.

Abstract: A method of feeding at least one of light, fine, volatile and moist fuel into a furnace of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Fuel is introduced into the furnace and is combusted in the presence of a fluidized bed material to form flue gases. The fluidized bed material is circulated both inside the furnace in an internal circulation in which bed material returns along walls of the furnace down to the bottom of the furnace, and outside the furnace in an external circulation that includes at least a solids separator arranged in flow communication with the furnace. Bed material is separated from the flue gases in the separator. The flue gases are removed from the separator for further treatment. The separated bed material is returned to the furnace.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor includes a bottom portion, a roof portion and side walls vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, forming a reaction chamber of the fluidized bed reactor. A solids separator is in connection with the reaction chamber. At least one side wall of the reaction chamber forms at least one indentation in the reaction chamber, which indentation is substantially vertical and extends from the plane of the side wall towards the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A thermal power boiler includes a furnace enclosed by two short side walls and two long side walls, flue gas channels arranged above the furnace, a back pass and a supporting structure. The supporting structure includes a stationary bearing structure supported from below. The bearing structure includes multiple vertical pillars and a parallel main supporting beams supported by the vertical pillars, and a suspension structure, so that the furnace hangs from the bearing structure. The main supporting beams and the flue gas channels arranged above the furnace are parallel with each other and parallel with the short side walls. The main supporting beams are preferably arranged at least partially between the flue gas channels extending over the roof of the furnace.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a rectangular furnace which is horizontally enclosed by a front wall, a back wall and two sidewalls, and multiple particle separators connected to the upper portion of each of the front wall and the back wall. Each particle separator includes a gas outlet, and flue gas duct system connected to the gas outlets for conducting cleaned flue gas to a back pass. The particle separators are arranged in pairs of particle separators. Each pair of particle separators includes a front separator arranged adjacent to the front wall and a back separator arranged adjacent to the back wall. The flue gas duct system includes cross over ducts, each cross over duct connecting the gas outlet of a front separator of a pair of particle separators, across and over the furnace, to the gas outlet of the back separator of the same pair of particle separators, and to the back pass, which back pass is arranged on the back wall side of the furnace.

Abstract: A method of protecting a heat exchanger that includes a flue gas cooler having plastic heat recovery tubes arranged on a counterflow principle in heat exchange connection with flue gases generated by a thermal power boiler. The heat recovery tubes are connected by an inlet chamber to an inlet tube and by an outlet chamber to an outlet tube, which form, together with a heater, a liquid cycle in which a liquid heat exchange medium is recirculated by a pump.

Abstract: An oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed reactor includes a reactor chamber, and a gas distribution arrangement provided in the bottom section of the reactor chamber for introducing gas into the reactor chamber. A windbox chamber having gas introduction nozzles introduces gas from the windbox chamber into the reactor chamber and an has an inlet that opens into the windbox chamber. A first gas feeding system introduces gas into the windbox chamber, and a second gas feeding system introduces gas into the wind box chamber in the vicinity of at least one nozzle inlet.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material, the apparatus including a gasification reactor, to which oxygen-containing primary gas and secondary gasification gas are introduced, whereby a portion of the material to be gasified is gasified to product gas, residual carbon contained in the fly ash extracted from the product gas is combusted in a cyclone combustor, and the exhaust gas from the cyclone combustor is guided to above the bottom level of the gasification reactor to act as secondary gasification gas.

Abstract: An oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed reactor includes a reactor chamber and a gas distribution arrangement provided in a bottom section of the reactor chamber for introducing gas into the reactor chamber. The gas distributor arrangement includes a first gas feeding system and a second gas feeding system for introducing oxygen-rich gas into the reactor chamber. The first gas feeding system includes a first wind box and the second gas feeding system includes a second wind box. The first wind box has a common wall with the reactor chamber and the second wind box is arranged under the first wind box and has a common wall with the first wind box.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for supporting walls of the furnace of a thermal power boiler, in which the furnace is suspended to hang on a supporting plane of the upper portion of steel structures especially arranged for the purpose, and the walls, being formed of water tubes, are supported horizontally at least by buckstays positioned substantially perpendicular to the water tubes, and vertical pillars, located outside the buckstays, are attached to the ground or the foundations of the boiler building. At least two of the walls, located on opposite sides of the furnace are supported in such a way that loads directed perpendicularly to the walls are transferred by the vertical pillars to internal stresses of at least one rigid plane surrounding the boiler.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator assembly including a polygonal separator chamber formed of planar wall sections joined with each other to provide a substantially gas tight structure and having at least four pairs of planar opposite wall sections. The chamber includes a tapered portion formed by having a first inward bending in each of the wall sections. The tapered portion extends as a discharge channel for separated particles from the separator chamber, which discharge channel is formed of first and second pairs of opposite wall sections being perpendicular to each other. In the discharge channel for separated particles, the first pair of wall sections extends into the area between the second pair of wall sections.

Abstract: An impact rapping device includes a stationary anvil integrated with a surface to be rapped, the anvil having a hammering axis perpendicular to the surface to rapped, a hammer arranged to move coaxially with the hammering axis, to hit an impact surface of the anvil, and a device for moving the hammer. The anvil and the hammer form a compact unit, which can be assembled in any position. The hammer is supported to lean on the anvil in such a way that the position of the hammer automatically follows changes of place or position of the anvil, and so that the hammer can move only parallel to the hammering axis.