Abstract: Input data are translated into at least one output sentence by a decoding step which sub-lexical entities represented by the input data are identified by a first model. During decoding, as the sub-lexical entities are identified and with reference to at least one second mode, various possible combinations of the sub-lexical entities are generated. Plural possible combinations of the sub-lexical entities are stored. The most likely possible combination is intended to form the lexical output sequence.

Abstract: First digital audio-visual program video component(s) are switched on a second digital audio-visual program video component(s) by switching on the beginning of the first set of images including an Intra-coded picture of the second program video component encountered after the switching command. In the transmission order of images, each bidirectionally predictive-coded picture of the first set of images referring to the set of images pertaining to the set of images preceding it before switching, is substituted for a bidirectionally predictive-coded picture of the video coding which is produced independently of (1) the substituted image content and (2) the contents of the images to which it refers.

Abstract: A method for encoding a digital image for producing a bit stream representing the image, the bit stream length depending on the quality of the desired representation, consisting in: a) defining, on the domain of the image to be encoded, a hierarchical meshing comprising a plurality of nested meshes whereof the mesh peaks are the image pixels; b) determining for each mesh of the hierarchical meshing, a brightness variation between the image to be encoded and an interpolated image obtained from the nested meshing peaks whereto pertains the mesh concerned; and c) inserting in the bit stream position, brightness and chrominance values of the peaks of meshes whereof the brightness variation is higher than a threshold variation useful for encoding fixed or animated images with speed reduction.

Abstract: A method for the collective production of microlenses at the end of a set of aligned optical fibers. The method consists in heating the end of all the fibers by means of an electric arc in order to form the microlenses, the plane in which the ends of the fibers are situated being distant from the line of the hottest points in the electric arc in order to round their end homogeneously. Useful for making optical and optoelectric modules.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of protecting the transmission of cells in a telecommunication system, the method consisting, on the transmitter side, of simultaneously transmitting two identical flows of cells on two distinct physical links and, on the receiver side, of receiving each of the two flows of cells respectively transmitted on the said two links and selecting one of them. The method further consists, on the transmitter side, of inserting, regularly in each of the flows, cells serving as markers and thus delimiting blocks of cells or sets of blocks of cells, and, on the receiver side, of selecting, block after block or group of blocks after group of blocks, the block or group of blocks from the flow of cells which has the fewer transmission errors compared with the block or group of blocks of the same order number in the other flow.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of controlling the conformity of the transmission rate of data cells transmitted by a source terminal in communication with a destination terminal. It consists essentially, when a backward-resource management cell (BW-RM) of order k arrives at the said interface unit (21), of determining the programming time (tp(k)) of the taking into account, by the said control process (21b), of the rate request (ER(k)) contained in the field of the said cell (BW-RM). It also concerns a user-network interface unit which has means for being able to implement the steps of the said methods.

Abstract: An access network for mobile terminals has a switching circuit (VCX) connected to at least one other external network and to a local access network (RLA) which has a number of radio terminals (BR) for providing communication with mobile terminals (MT). Set-up and release protocols provide for signaling channels and user channels between switching circuit (VCX) and a mobile terminal (MT). Security protocol (SSCOP) provides for the channels implemented by exchanging signaling messages at the level of switching circuit (VCX) and mobile terminals (MT). An adaptation server (ARX) intercepts the messages sent by the signaling protocols and implements the intercepted messages. Management protocols of the local access network (RLA) oversee set up and release of the signaling channels and the user channels and reserves corresponding radio resources for the signaling channels.

Abstract: A method for the deposition of a coating layer on an optical fiber while it is being drawn. The coating layer is designed to reduce the permeability of the optical fiber to water vapor and therefore to increase its lifetime. The method is characterized in that it consists in carrying out a decomposition of a gas mixture of boron halogenide and hydrogen and/or boron halogenide and ammonia gas by a microwave plasma-assisted addition of energy and in that the operation is conducted in the presence of a carrier gas in order firstly to carry the gas mixture to a reaction medium and secondly to activate the plasma.

Abstract: A process provides for searching through a written text in response to a spoken question comprising a plurality of words. The first step in the process is to transcribe the written text into a first sequence of phonetic units. Then, a spoken question is segmented into a second sequence of phonetic units. The search is conducted through the written text for an occurrence of the spoken question. The search comprises aligning the first and second sequences of phonetic units.

Abstract: A system and a process arranges equitable-loss data packets in a high-volume asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) system and establishes the output order of the packets. There are a plurality of inflowing data packet streams, a minimum quantity ri of each incoming flow being reserved. At all times, there is a ratio K(t) between two parts of each incoming data packet flow. One part is a quantity of packets &Dgr;xi(t) allocated above the minimum reserve quantity ri. The other part ei(t) is an instantaneous quantity &Dgr;xi(t) above the minimum reserve quantity ri.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a local mobile access network, of the kind that comprises a distribution network (RDL) formed by a plurality of nodes (NIE), each node (NIE) being connected to a concentrator (CTR) which is connected to at least one radio terminal (BR) designed to communicate with mobile units linked with said terminal (BR), at least one of said nodes (NIE) of said distribution network (RDL) being connected via routing equipment (PONT) [bridge] to a virtual channel switch (VCX).

Abstract: The invention concerns a directional method for a server for cells transmitted by a module attached to a local mobile area network as well as a network of this type for implementing said method. The directional method applies to a network which is comprised of a plurality of concentration stages and terminals linked to the low-level concentration stages, said network comprising servers respectively linked to concentration stages. This method is characterized therein that it consists of initially establishing permanent virtual channels in direction of the servers and, when a mobile is connected to two terminals of said network, said two terminals ascertain the closest common server and modify the header of the user cells transmitted by said mobile in such a way that they carry the identifier VPI/VCI of the channel established for said server so as to enable it to be processed there. The present invention also concerns a network provided for implementing said method.

Abstract: A method for the simulation of responses of a nonlinear amplifier provides for measuring characteristics of nonlinearity of amplitude and of amplitude/phase-shift conversion of the amplifier, each measurement being made at an amplitude that is constant in input. The method further includes measuring the characteristics at different frequencies, developing the characteristics in sequences of direct transfer functions, computing frequency correctors for the direct transfer functions, measuring characteristics of distortion of amplitude modulation, each measurement being performed by modulating the input amplitude, computing modulation transfer functions reproducing the distortion amplitudes at output according to the input modulation amplitudes and correcting the direct transfer functions when the input amplitude is modulated in order to simulate the envelope memory effect. There is a direct application of the invention to the field of the simulation of high efficiency microwave amplification.

Abstract: A coding system delivers a global data stream consisting of primary coded subband data streams from a primary subband coder bank, coding an input signal data stream, and secondary coded subband data streams from a secondary subband coder bank. The coding delay of the primary coder bank is smaller than that of the secondary coder bank. A filter bank receives the input signal data and generates signal streams in a plurality of subbands, which are coded by the respective coder of the primary subband coder bank, forming the primary streams. A bank of decoders receive and decode the respective coded primary subbank streams, which decoded subband signals are subtracted by a bank of subtractors from the corresponding original subband signals, which difference streams are input to the respective coder in a secondary subband coder bank. The secondary coder generates coded secondary subband data streams. A multiplexer interlaces the primary and the secondary coded subband data streams into a single global data stream.

Abstract: A process for renegotiating, during a communication, the parameters of a traffic contract on an ATM network.The present invention relates to a renegotiation process, during a communication on an ATM network, of the parameters of the traffic contract that relates to this communication. It is characterized in that it consists:a. in predicting, for a predetermined period of time between two successive renegotiations, the maximal length that would be reached by a virtual file fed by the traffic of said communication, for at least a given thruput rate of said file.b. in deducing from said maximal length one or more new parameters for the traffic contract, andc. in renegotiating with the network on the basis of said (new) traffic parameter or parameters for said period of time.