Abstract: A method and apparatus for adjusting the gap width between a rotatable crusher cone and a crusher housing includes determining a reference position of the crusher cone relative to the crusher housing, storing a first quantity representative of the reference position, rotating the crusher cone, moving the crusher cone to the reference position, moving the crusher cone from the reference position toward the crusher housing until a limit is reached and measuring the distance of the crusher cone from the reference position, storing a second quantity representative of the distance, repeating the preceding three steps a plurality of times while separately storing each of the second quantities, obtaining a new reference position based on each of the second quantities, and determining an operating position of the cone crusher based on the new reference position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the continuous melting of an iron-containing material in a melting device, the melting device being composed of a vertical shaft having a central axis, a melting furnace disposed below, and communicating with, the shaft, the melting furnace being asymmetrical to the central axis and being formed to have a region which is furthest removed from the central axis, at least one first nozzle opening into the furnace, located in the vicinity of the furnace bottom in the region furthest removed from the central axis, and at least two second nozzles opening into the furnace and located above the furnace bottom.

Abstract: A tool-mounting assembly includes a tool head having a receiving bore and a basic tool holder having a receiving pin that is shaped for insertion into the bore. The bore has a groove with a sloping surface and the receiving pin includes movably mounted clamping elements having lugs. The assembly also includes a clamping device in the form of a screw with left-handed threads that engage one clamping element and right-handed threads that engage the other, so that the clamping elements can be moved away from each other to force the lugs into the groove and thereby clamp the tool head to the basic tool holder. In another embodiment an axially movable push rod is used as the clamping device to force the clamping elements away from each other.

Abstract: A cutting tool, in particular of hard metal, which is coated with hard layers of titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride and/or titanium nitride and that has an outer thin layer of zirconium nitride. The thickness of this outer layer of zirconium nitride amounts to between 1 and 30%, preferably 1 to 10%, of the thickness of the base coating of titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride and/or titanium nitride.

Abstract: A metal casting device employs a number of pairs of mold members which can be opened or closed with respect to each other. The mold chamber pairs cooperate, in their closed state, to form a linear mold chamber. In order to compensate for shrinkage as the metal cools, the mold member pairs are movably supported by an endless chain, with the pairs of cooperating mold members being provided with contact faces having the same angle of inclination. Each mold member pair is also equipped with supporting rollers with which the associated mold chamber section can be closed or opened, as required.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the contactless monitoring of a working tool for breakage or wear, the tool being installed in a machine having at least two parts, with one of the parts being stressed by forces imposed on the working tool during machine operation, by: inductively monitoring the position of the one part relative to the other of the two parts during machine operation to produce at least one induced voltage representative of a change in relative position; determining the value of the induced voltage; and emitting a signal when a predetermined change occurs in the value of the induced voltage.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for laser-beam welding of longitudinal seams in container bodies feature overlapping longitudinal ends of a metal sheet, the length of the transverse ends of which exceeds a predetermiined circumferential dimension for the container body, into such a position relative to one another that they form an acute angle and define an angular opening, and the edge of one longitudinal end is oriented toward the inner face of the other longitudinal end. At least one focused laser beam, which is capable of relative movement with respect to this angular opening and parallel to the longitudinal ends, is aimed into the angular opening and locally melts portions of the longitudinal ends. The locally-molten longitudinal end portions are pressed against one another before they drop below the welding temperature to form a welded longitudinal seam.

Abstract: In operation of a screw extruder, particularly a pin extruder, processing a rubber or a plastic mixture, troubling disturbances and on occasion heavy damage occur when foreign bodies are introduced into the extruder with the material to be processed causing damage to the extruder structure. In order to avoid this damage one possibility is to shut off the extruder at a sufficiently early time and of course immediately when an appropriate dangerous condition is detected. Therefore the drive torque which is taken by the extruder screw shaft is compared with the mass pressure in the mixture to be processed. As soon as this compared value no longer follows the functional dependence of the normal operating parameters such as the rotation speed of the extruder shaft, viscosity of the mixture, temperature lowering of the tempering medium, the volume increase of the mixture drawn in the extruder inlet or the like, the extruder is automatically shut off since a disturbance by foreign bodies is assumed.

Abstract: To monitor machines for breakage and/or wear of the tool, the vibrations produced by dynamic forces generated by the machine parts are measured in the range of the natural frequency of the machine above the operating frequencies. The measured values are compared, as the desired states or conditions, with the respective momentary vibration behavior of these measuring locations and frequency ranges (i.e., the actual operating state or condition), and whenever there is a deviation of the actual state from the desired state by a given threshold value, a signal is emitted which may be used to shut down the machine.

Abstract: In the production of profiles from rubber and/or plastic mixtures, the throughput of the extruder should be kept constant. To this end, an identification of the mixture of material to be processed is fed in the form of a code to a computer system in which the characteristic mixture properties and the set-point operating values for a given profile to be made by the extruder are stored in memory. During the extrusion process, at least one operating variable, preferably the pressure occurring in the mixture of material being processed, is measured continuously, the difference between a measured value at a given time and the corresponding set-point value of the operating variable stored in memory is formed, and this difference is used as a control variable for a governing system for the speed or rpm of the extruder which is operated by the computer system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the material flow rate of bulk material, transported by belt conveyers or the like, by continuously determining the contour of the free surface of the bulk material, at right angles to the direction of transport, via continuous non-contact distant measurement using transmitter-receiver mechanisms coupled with a computer, and by computing the cross section of the bulk material. A precise and reliable measurement of the height of bulk material on the conveyer belt is achieved by using, as the transmitter-receiver mechanisms, respective laser distance-measuring devices which emit and receive a reflecting laser beam. These devices preferably operate pursuant to the pulse transit time measuring principle. The laser distance-measuring devices are accommodated in a housing.

Abstract: To produce a connection without play between the shaft or shank (3) of a tool head (1) and a corresponding bore (4) of a tool holder (2), the shank includes an abutment collar (5), an adjacent short conical portion (3a), a cylindrical pin portion (3b), and a guide portion (3c) at the end of the shank. The short conical portion adjacent the collar is slightly overdimensioned compared to a corresponding conical portion (4a) of the bore. When the shank is forced into the bore at least one of these parts is elastically deformed and the abutment of the shank comes into planar contact with an end face of the tool holder. The guide portion (3c) at the end of the shank may be either cylindrical or conical.

Abstract: A coated hardmetal body comprised of a hardmetal core which contains cobalt as well as tungsten carbide and of an oxygen containing hard substance layer free of binder metal is disclosed whose hardmetal basic body has a zone at its surface which is 0.2 to 20 microns thick and which contains the CoWB phase in addition to the hardmetal components. It is of particular advantage for the binder metal free, oxygen containing hard substance layer to be composed of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide or aluminum oxynitride. It is further provided that at least one further binder metal free hard substance layer of carbides, nitrides, borides and/or oxides is applied to the binder metal free hard oxide layer. The coated hardmetal body may advantageously be used as a cutting bit for machining metallic workpieces. The coated hardmetal body is produced by gas phase boration and subsequent hard substance coating according to the CVD process.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for detecting a wear limit or break in a cutting edge of a machine tool. At least two conductor paths are embedded in the cutting material forming the cutting edge, one of the conductor paths being part of a closed circuit while the other is part of an open circuit. A signal serving to break off the machining process is produced if either the conductor path disposed in the circuit is interrupted or the open circuit is closed by the creation of a conductive connection between the two conductor paths.

Abstract: Apparatus for manipulating a probe which is to be coupled to a vertically movable probe lance, the lance having a longitudinal axis which is vertically oriented, which apparatus includes a supporting frame supported for pivotable movement about a stationary frame axis between a plurality of operating positions, an openable centering funnel supported by the frame, a lifting carriage supported by the frame for vertical movement relative to the frame, a probe holding clamp supported by the carriage at a location below the funnel, a probe separation device supported by the frame at a location below the probe holding clamp and pivotable relative to the frame about a separation device axis parallel to the frame axis, and a sample holding clamp supported by the frame at a location below the separation device, and in which the funnel is mounted to be vertically movable relative to the frame, and the apparatus further includes a support device connected between the sample holding clamp and the frame and supporting the

Abstract: In a method for melting a material selected from the group consisting of scrap or other similar materials with at least one melting furnace in a crucible equipped with electric arc heating, comprising directly pre-heating the material with the exhaust gases of the melting furnace and charging the material from the pre-heating vessel into a melting vessel prior to charging the heated scrap, each melting vessel is positioned below a stationary pre-heating vessel; and after charging the heated scrap, each melting vessel is positioned back above a stationary melting surface.

Abstract: A steep angle conveyor for lifting bulk material from a lower level to a higher level is able to accommodate variations in the vertical distance between the levels. The conveyor includes a lower frame that is supported at the lower level by a drive mechanism, an upper frame that is supported at the upper level by another drive mechanism, and an obliquely disposed intermediate frame that is connected to the upper and lower frame by hinges. Rollers on the frames guide a belt.

Abstract: A pontoon includes a plurality of side-by-side arranged buoyant bodies articulated to one another to allow the pontoon to be placed in a collapsed or in an extended state. Each flanking buoyant body has a bottom face sloping upwardly in an outwardly direction, a top face and a wall element arranged at an outer portion of the flanking buoyant body. The wall element has a position in which it slopes upwardly and projects beyond the top face in an upward direction.

Abstract: A wear resistant, coated, metal carbide body comprising a metal carbide basic body, a metallic intermediate layer and at least one metal-free hard substance layer; wherein the metallic intermediate layer comprises molybdenum and/or tungsten, has a thickness of 0.1 to 2 .mu.m and is applied to the metal carbide basic body by means of a physical vapor deposition process, preferably by direct cathode sputtering. During the application of the intermediate layer, the metal carbide basic body has a temperature from 200.degree. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: A coupling for connecting a tool head and a tool holder. The tool head is inserted with an at least partially conical receiving pin into a correspondingly configured receiving bore in the tool holder. Tool head and tool holder are actuated by clamping elements so that a contact collar on the tool head rests against the counterface of the tool holder. The clamping device is composed of a clamping slide which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the tool holder. In the front part of the clamping slide, movable clamping jaws are provided which cooperate with a pin fixedly disposed in the tool holder in such a manner that movement of the clamping slide initiated during insertion of the receiving pin into the receiving bore causes the clamping jaws to be pushed onto the pin and to thus grip behind an annular groove in the blind bore of the tool head, thus causing the tool head to be locked to the tool holder.