Abstract: A control apparatus for a vehicle that includes a first power transmission path, a second power transmission path, a clutch mechanism, a clutch controller, a supply current controller, a self-shut unit, and an electric power generating mode controller. The self-shut unit holds a conducting state of a second electric power supply line over a set time, in response to a change in a state of a first electric power supply line from a conducting state to a non-conducting state. The electric power generating mode controller executes an electric power generating mode that drives an electric motor to generate electric power upon a stop of a vehicle in which the clutch mechanism is disengaged. The supply current controller increases a supply current supplied to the clutch controller, in response to the change in the state of the first electric power supply line during the electric power generating mode.

Abstract: A deceleration indication value is set so as to prevent a collision between the vehicle and an obstacle on the basis of front side information or to prevent traffic lane deviation, and automatic braking is performed. When automatic braking is performed, a transfer clutch is coupled, a deceleration generated by synchronization of a main drive shaft and a propeller shaft is calculated, the deceleration indication value G is corrected based on the deceleration and a brake liquid pressure corresponding to a corrected deceleration indication value is applied to a brake drive unit.

Abstract: A composite material has a laminated structure of fiber-reinforced resin layers and films of a shape-memory alloy. A predetermined strain has been applied to each film. A damage sensor has a film of an alloy of nickel and titanium. An electric circuit is bonded to the film, and strain gages are connected to the electric circuit. The damage sensor can be laminated to the resin layers in place of the film of the shape-memory alloy. Damage to the composite material is suppressed as follows: A current is applied to the films of the shape-memory alloy, to monitor change in electric resistance of the films. The damage is located in response to the change in electric resistance. Another current is applied to a film of the shape-memory alloy for which the change is larger than the other films to generate heat for deforming the film to generate shrinking stress or shear stress to the damage.

Abstract: A pump fluid passage communicating with an oil pump is formed in main case of a transmission case. Further, a primary fluid passage for supplying a hydraulic pressure to a primary pulley is formed in a wall member of a side case of the transmission case. Further, a line fluid passage for supplying a line pressure to a secondary pulley is formed in a wall member of the side case of the transmission case. Further, a communicating fluid passage is formed in a control valve body. When the control valve body is mounted on the bottom surfaces of the main case and the side case, the control valve body closes the bottom open surfaces of the main case and the side case and at the same time the communicating fluid passage connects the pump fluid passage with the primary fluid passage and the line fluid passage, respectively.

Abstract: An ignition pulse shaped and demultiplied is used as a primary source and this primary source is converted into a canceling signal after being subjected to the sum of convolution products process with filter coefficients of an adaptive filter. Further the canceling signal is converted into a canceling sound by a speaker and outputted to the passenger compartment to cancel a vibration noise at a noise receiving point. The state of noise reduction is detected as an error signal by a microphone and the error signal is inputted to an exponential averaging circuit where the error signal is exponentially averaged with previous error signals by a trigger signal of the primary source from a trigger signal generating circuit. The error signal, as a result of this averaging, is compressed and then outputted to a LMS operational circuit. In the LMS operational circuit the filter coefficients are updated based on the primary source inputted via a C.sub.MNO circuit and the compressed error signal.

Abstract: A lubrication system for engines, comprising a main engine body with a crank chamber formed at the bottom portion thereof for storing lubricating oil therein, a rocker cover securely attached to the outside wall of the engine body so as to surround a rocker arm, thereby forming therein a rocker chamber, lubricating oil supply means for supplying the lubricating oil into the rocker chamber, lubricating oil return means for returning the lubricating oil in the rocker chamber to the crank chamber, a breather device intercommunicating between the crank chamber and a suction system, and bypass means for intercommunicating through the breather device between the crank chamber and the rocker chamber. The bypass means causes the gas under pressure in the crank chamber to flow into the rocker chamber and the lubricating oil supplied into the rocker chamber, is forcibly discharged into the crank chamber through the lubricating oil return means.

Abstract: A cold-engine operation detector is provided for producing a cold-engine signal when engine temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, and an idle engine speed detector is provided. A dead zone for input of engine speed with respect to desired engine speed in accordance with engine temperature is stored in a memory. Width of the dead zone is provided to increase with decrease of engine temperature. A range of the dead zone in accordance with engine temperature is derived from the memory. When actual engine speed is out of a derived range of the dead zone, an actuator provided in an idle speed control system is operated for controlling the actual engine speed to the desired engine speed.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for a four-wheel drive vehicle in which an oil pump is provided in a rear end portion of the automatic transmission for supplying pressure oil to the transmission. The output of the automatic transmission is transmitted to front wheels through a drive pinion engaged with an output gear of the transmission. A partition is secured to the rear end of the automatic transmission adjacent to the oil pump and an extension case is secured to the partition. A transfer drive shaft is connected to the driving pinion, and a fluid operated clutch is provided for operatively connecting the transfer drive shaft to rear wheels. The fluid operated clutch is operated by pressure oil supplied by the oil pump and the pressure oil is controlled by a pressure oil control device. The pressure oil control device is mounted on the partition and passages for supplying the pressure oil are formed in the partition and in a part of the transfer device.

Abstract: A trolley wire is paid out under tension from a drum on a traveling railroad car and is guided by a guide roller device on a following car to be hung by temporary hangers on a previously installed messenger wire, the guide roller device having a cradle rotatably supporting several transverse horizontal rollers and vertical rollers which respectively form a horizontal guide surface and two opposed vertical guide surfaces of large radii of curvature to prevent permanent bend sets in the trolley wire. The cradle is rockably supported on transverse pivot pins so that it can swing and optimally adapt to changes in the wire direction, and the mechanism thus supporting the cradle is also movable in the up-and-down directions and the in the transverse left-and-right directions.