Abstract: An end fitting (300), flexible pipe (100), riser (203), and method of producing the same are disclosed. A method of venting gas from annuli (312, 319) of a flexible pipe is also disclosed. The end fitting includes a first vent flow fluid communication path (311) and a further vent flow fluid communication path (318). The end fitting is capable of enabling gas to be vented from a flexible pipe body with two annulus regions (312, 319).

Abstract: An outer collar member of an end fitting for a flexible pipe. The apparatus comprises an outer collar body portion and an outer collar neck portion extending away from the outer collar body portion. The neck portion is arranged to be secured to a portion of flexible pipe body in a slotted position between layers of the flexible pipe body. The position is located between an outer sheath of the flexible pipe body and at least one armour layer of the flexible pipe body wherein the outer collar body portion comprises a curved inner surface region for determining a radius of curvature of wires of the armour layer bent away from an axis of the flexible pipe bodies and supported by the curved inner surface when the pipe body is mounted in the end fitting.

Abstract: A wellhead assembly includes a tubular housing assembly having a housing sidewall, an axial bore, and a housing annulus passage extending from the axial bore through the housing sidewall. A tubing hanger is secured to a string of tubing and is selectively landed in the housing assembly. The tubing hanger has a vertical bore in fluid communication with the axial bore. A vertical tree assembly is selectively landed on the housing assembly, the vertical tree assembly having a tree member located axially above the tubing hanger. The tree member has a lateral bore for directing a flow of production fluid from a well. A tree annulus passage extends through a sidewall of the tree member. An external annulus passage extends external of the tree member and the housing assembly and is in fluid communication with the housing annulus passage and the tree annulus passage.

Abstract: A composite for use in a flexible pipe body, said composite comprising: a first polymer layer, a second polymer layer that is bonded to the first polymer layer, and filler particles that extend from the first polymer layer into the second polymer layer, whereby the particles are partially embedded in both the first and second polymer layers.

Abstract: A flexible pipe body and method of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The method includes providing a tubular layer; and directing a chemical reagent towards a surface portion of the tubular layer, wherein the tubular layer comprises an extruded polymer, and wherein the chemical reagent is suitable for changing one or more physical or mechanical property of a proportion of the extruded tubular layer thickness.

Abstract: A flexible pipe body and method of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The flexible pipe body includes a layer comprising a tape element formed from at least a first sub-layer sandwiched between two further sub-layers, wherein the first sub-layer has a lower density than at least one of the two further sub-layers.

Abstract: A flexible pipe body and method of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed relating to a multi-layer flexible pipe for conveying a target fluid. The pipe includes a core layer arranged to provide an inner bore along which a fluid can flow and at least one barrier layer having a tensile elongation at yield of greater than 5% at a temperature of 23° C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing flexible pipe body and flexible pipe body of a type suitable for transporting production fluids is disclosed. The flexible pipe body includes an armour layer comprising interlocked windings of armour tape comprising at least one armour locating element and a reinforcement layer comprising a layer of reinforcement tape comprising at least one reinforcement locating element over the armour layer. The armour locating element and reinforcement locating element locate windings of the reinforcement tape with respect to respective windings of the armour tape.

Abstract: A detection apparatus arranged to detect defects within a flexible pipe body. The detection apparatus comprises an electrical power supply and a first meter. The electrical power supply is arranged to couple between, and to supply current to, first and second electrically conductive members extending at least partially along the length of a flexible pipe body and electrically isolated from one another except for being electrically connected at a point remote from the power supply. The first meter is arranged to detect variation between the current flowing in each electrically conductive member. Detected variation is indicative of a pipe body defect causing an Earth fault along one of the electrically conductive members. A corresponding method, a pipeline apparatus including the detection apparatus and a method of forming the pipeline apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A flexible pipe comprising a tubular layer comprising a polymer that is crosslinked to a greater degree at an outer region of the tubular layer than at an inner region of the tubular layer, wherein the outer region is defined by the outer surface of the tubular layer to a depth of 5% of the total thickness of the tubular layer and the inner region is defined by the inner surface of the tubular layer to a depth of 5% of the total thickness of the tubular layer.

Abstract: A pipeline apparatus comprising a flexible pipe body and a detection apparatus. The flexible pipe body includes an optical fibre extending at least partially along the length of the flexible pipe body, the optical fibre being encased in a metal tube. The detection apparatus comprises an optical sensor and an electrical sensor. The optical sensor is coupled to a first end of the optical fibre, the optical sensor being arranged to inject optical pulses into the optical fibre and to detect scattered or reflected light. The electrical sensor is coupled to a first end of the metal tube and to detect variation of an electrical impedance between the first end of the metal tube and a separate terminal. Variation of the scattered or reflected light, or impedance variation, is indicative of a potential pipe body defect.

Abstract: An elongate tape and method of producing an elongate tape are disclosed. The tape is suitable for forming a helically wound layer of interlocked windings in a flexible pipe body, and is configured for interlocking with adjacent windings, wherein the tape has a cross-sectional profile including: a first surface that in use forms a radially inner surface of the helically wound layer; a further surface, in use forming a side wall extending radially outwards, away from the first surface, and for forming a contact surface with a region of an adjacent winding; and a transition surface joining the first surface and further surface, wherein the transition surface comprises a curved surface, and wherein the curved surface has a larger radius of curvature in a region proximate the first surface than in a region proximate the further surface.

Abstract: A riser assembly and method of supporting a riser assembly are disclosed. The riser assembly includes a riser; at least one buoyancy compensating element attached to the riser; and at least one damped biasing element for controlling movement of the riser about a neutral position with respect to an adjacent underwater structure. The biasing element is directly or indirectly connected to the riser and is directly or indirectly connectable to the adjacent underwater structure.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a plurality of properties relating to a hydrocarbon fluid flow through a pipeline at a tree for a subsea hydrocarbon extraction facility, the method comprising locating a plurality of sensors at or near a position which is optimum for monitoring the at least one of the plurality of properties in regard to the configuration of the pipeline, the sensors being configured to monitor at least one of the plurality of properties.

Abstract: A flexible pipe body and methods of producing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The method may include providing a tubular length of polymeric material for forming a polymeric layer of flexible pipe body; providing a strength layer radially outwards of the polymeric layer; and treating the polymeric layer with a non-ambient temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus and method of manufacturing a flexible pipe body are disclosed. The method may include providing a fluid retaining layer; wrapping a plurality of tensile armour elements around the fluid retaining layer; and wrapping a crush resistant elongate body that houses at least one fibre element around the fluid retaining layer and radially between two of the plurality of tensile armour elements. Matrix material provided in the elongate body may be cured subsequent to fitting the pipe body to an end fitting.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for protecting an outer layer of a flexible pipe. The apparatus includes a protective sleeve body comprising a first end region and a further end region. At least one connector element is also provided which is securable to the first end region of the sleeve body for securing the sleeve body with respect to a flexible pipe located proximate to a wear hazard. The sleeve body is securable uncovered over a portion of an outer sheath of the flexible pipe between the outer sheath and the wear hazard to provide a protected portion of flexible pipe having a bending stiffness substantially equal to a bending stiffness of a remaining portion of the flexible pipe which is uncovered by the sleeve body.

Abstract: A riser assembly for transporting fluids from a sub-sea location is disclosed. The riser assembly includes a riser having at least one segment of flexible pipe and a plurality of buoyancy compensating elements connected to the riser and connected together in an in-line configuration to form a mid-line buoyancy section. The riser assembly also includes at least one buoyancy aid connected to the riser at a position above and spaced apart from the mid-line buoyancy section. The at least one buoyancy aid forms a first distributed buoyancy section and is sufficiently buoyant to maintain a tension load on the riser between the first distributed buoyancy section and the mid-line line buoyancy section. The riser assembly further includes at least one further buoyancy compensating element connected to the riser at a position above and spaced apart from the first distributed buoyancy section to form a second distributed buoyancy section.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a configurable pre-machined forging for use with a multiple bore tubing hanger or a mono bore tubing hanger includes providing a configurable common master valve block with a main bore along a main central axis. After providing the configurable common master valve block, a target subsea assembly is identified that has a mono bore subsea completion with a production bore along a central axis of a tubing hanger, or a multiple bore subsea completion with the production bore offset from the central axis of the tubing hanger. If the target subsea assembly has the mono bore subsea completion, the machining of a lower interface of the common master valve block is centered around the main central axis. If the target subsea assembly has the multiple bore subsea completion, the machining has an eccentric interface axis that is parallel to, and offset from, the main central axis.