Abstract: Essentially triangular turbulators 3 extending at an angle .alpha. to the tube longitudinal plane RLE running through the tube axis RA as well as parallel to the fluid flow direction FSR are arranged on the flat lateral ribs 2 of a heat exchanger tube 1. The turbulators 3 are stamped out of the rib plane and are then bent off at an angle of approximately 90.degree.. They have flash or parting lines 4 rising in the fluid flow direction FSR as well as in the direction of the heat exchanger tube 1. This allows generation of longitudinal vortices 5 downstream of the turbulators 3 which roll over the boundary layers in this location and improve the heat transfer.

Abstract: A once-through steam generator comprises an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater connected in series one below the other in a boiler pass, and are acted upon by a hot gas mass flow flowing in the opposite direction. In order to prevent thermal shock during the introduction of cold feed water when starting the steam generator from a hot state, i.e., with an economizer, evaporator and superheater which are empty and heated to the exhaust gas temperature, a high-temperature starter is connected upstream of the economizer and is arranged above the latter in the boiler pass. The starter acts as a heat buffer so that the economizer, evaporator and superheater are first acted upon by superheated steam and are continuously cooled to their normal operating temperature. The starter is constructed in such a way that its portion which first comes into contact with the cold feed water does not support the steam pressure so that it need only absorb thermal stresses.

Abstract: In a wet type or wet/dry type cooling tower, water discharged from water distributing means after its passage cooling air heat exchanger is intercepted by an array of parallel water guiding plates. Each guiding plate has a sloping upper part which covers the gap between opposite plates and an upright lower part defining a substantially horizontal transition region with the upper part. A plurality of inclined channel like embossments is formed in the upright lower part. The embossments extend one above the other between a lateral edge of the upright lower part and the transition region. At least one water collecting channel extends in transverse direction along the lateral edges of the upright lower part to collect water discharged from the inclined embossments and transfer the collected water to a recirculation device.

Abstract: An air cooled condenser installation comprising a first group of heat exchange elements including a plurality of rows of upright tubes impinged by a stream of cooling air and connected at upper and lower open ends by an upper manifold respectively, a lower collecting chamber to each other, and a steam conduit communcating with the upper manifold so that the steam flows in downward direction through the tubes and partly condenses therein with the condensate flowing in the same direction, and a second group of heat exchange elements including a second plurality of upright tubes impinged by a second stream of cooling air and connected at upper and lower open ends respectively by an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and a conduit connecting said lower collecting chamber of said first group of heat exchange elements with the lower chamber of the second group of heat exchange elements so that steam which has not been condensed in the first group of heat exchange elements will flow in upward direction through the s

Abstract: Liquid used in a liquid-heating machine such as a turbine condenser is continuously circulated in an endless fluid flow path which passes through the machine and which is subdivided at a location spaced from the machine into a pair of parallel branches. A closed dry-type heat exchanger is provided in one branch and a wet-type evaporative cooler is provided in the other branch. A fan or the like is operated to form a pair of parallel streams of air one of which is passed over the closed heat exchanger for cooling the liquid purely by conduction, and the other stream is passed directly over the liquid in the evaporative cooler so as to cool it largely evaporatively. The heated air coming off the dry-type heat exchanger is mixed with the heated humid air coming off the wet-type evaporative cooler and liberated to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A heat exchange arrangement for use with chemically aggressive fluids has a source of direct current. Walls are provided which define a flow path for a fluid which is to undergo a temperature change, and at least a part of the walls is composed of a metallic material and connected to one of the terminals of the current source. The walls also form a chamber constituting a part of the flow path and having an opening which is closed by a cover. The cover is constituted as an electrode which is arranged in the flow path and is not in direct contact with the metallic part of the wall. This electrode is connected to the other terminal of the current source. The construction is effective for forming a protective coating on at least the metallic part of the wall when the current source is activated and fluid flows in the flow path. This protective coating prevents chemical attack of the metal by the fluid.

Abstract: An axial flow fan wherein the cylindrical housings for the shanks of blades are mounted on a flat plate-like circular base of the hub which is rotated by an electric motor through the medium of a belt transmission and a hollow shaft. The motor, transmission and shaft are mounted at one side and the housings are mounted at the other side of the base.

Abstract: An installation for changing the temperature of fluid media has a gas-liquid contacting arrangement and an indirect heat-exchange arrangement. The gas-liquid contacting arrangement is made up of a chamber and a device inside the chamber through which liquid may flow to be converted into the form of a spray. A collecting vessel at the bottom of the chamber collects the liquid which passes through the spray device. The wall of the chamber is provided with openings for the admission of a gas into the chamber and louvers may be provided for regulating the flow of gas into the chamber. The indirect heat-exchange arrangement is made up of two portions which are located at a level above that of the spray device and which extend upwardly and outwardly from the vicinity of the wall of the chamber. Each of the heat-exchange portions is constituted by a plurality of parallel conduits provided with fins. Where the installation is used for cooling purposes, the heat-exchange portions may serve as condensers.

Abstract: An air cooled surface consenser has a plurality of heat-exchange tubes extending transversely of the direction of air flow and each provided with heat-exchange fins. The interior of each tube is completely unobstructed and the tubes are of oval or elliptical cross section having a major interior dimension normal to their elongation which has a ratio of at least 6:1 with reference to a minor interior dimension which extends normal to the major dimension and the direction of elongation.