Abstract: An H-field probe for a radiation measuring system includes pairs of symmetrical planar magnetic loops for detecting electromagnetic (EM) radiation. EM radiation induces E-field and H-field currents in the loops. The individual loops of each pair are electrically coupled such that the E-field induced currents cancel while the H-field induced currents combine. The symmetrical construction results in virtually complete discrimination of the E-field.

Abstract: Electromagnetic radiation monitor for use in close proximity with a human body. The monitor includes electromagnetic radiation sensors and shielding disposed behind the sensors which defines a radiation barrier between the monitor user and the sensors. A layer of uniform lossy material is disposed between the sensors and the shield for preventing reflective interference from the shield.

Abstract: A monostatic frequency modulator continuous wave radar for detecting and determining the distance to near range objects. A temperature compensated one port Z-network is provided to generate a voltage of equal magnitude and opposite sign to that of the voltage reflected from the antenna.

Abstract: A monostatic frequency modulator continuous wave radar for detecting and determining the distance to near range objects. A temperature compensated one port Z-network is provided to generate a voltage of equal magnitude and opposite sign to that of the voltage reflected from the antenna.

Abstract: A range detection apparatus comprising means for generating high frequency energy over a finite frequency range and for frequency modulating over a limited range of bandwidth the generated signal. A first path provides a phase reference while a second path provides for transmitting and receiving the signal. Along one of the two paths, the frequency modulated signal is phase shifted at a plurality of predetermined frequency values over a finite frequency range of bandwidth and at a predetermined plurality of phase-shifting values (greater than two) and at combinations of phase-shifting and frequency values to improve the relative range resolution. The signal in one path is phase compared to the signal in the second path to produce range measurement signals related to the combined phase shifts of the two paths, the results of the phase comparison, and the combinations of phase states of the phase shifts and frequencies of the frequency modulated signal.

Abstract: This microwave assembly comprises a pair of microwave components and a stripline connecting device interconnecting the components. Each of the components comprises a conductive carrier defining a ground plane, dielectric material on the conductive carrier, and a conductor on the dielectric material having a projecting end portion. The stripline connecting device comprises: (a) a central conductor having conductive terminal portions at opposite ends thereof for respectively contacting the projecting end portions of the conductors of the microwave components, (b) two sections of dielectric material respectively located at opposite sides of the central conductor, and (c) two housing portions of conductive material defining a ground plane for the connecting device and located at opposite sides of the dielectric sections.

Abstract: A digitally programmable attenuator for high speed and a large dynamic range is constructed with a phase-controlled attenuator for small steps of attenuation and an attenuator of switched resistive pads for larger steps. The attenuators are connected in tandem and actuated combinatorially with the phase-controlled attenuator being switched into operation for the small steps, and the resistive pads being switched into operation for the large steps. A phase-controlled attenuator is constructed to permit adjustment of the attenuator characteristic, and a switched-pad attenuator is constructed to be phase shiftless.

Abstract: A radiation detector for free space microwave radiation uses thin film resistive strips, having an equivalent surface resistivity that is large compared to the characteristic impedance of free space, and diode circuits in series with the strips for deriving d-c signals monitoring the radiation intensity over a broad frequency range. In part of that range, the strips operate like a short dipole antenna. The diode circuits are constructed to operate with a uniform response over the entire frequency range.

Abstract: A microstrip hybrid coupler uses a ground plane having different surfaces, one that is close and coupled to the terminal portions of the microstrip and the others further from and coupled to the coupled microstrip portions. Two shields extend over the coupled microstrip portions; an intermediate shield between the remote ground plane surface and the coupled microstrip portions and an outer shield. The coupled microstrip portions extend over the terminal surface of the ground plane.

Abstract: This invention relates to an analog phase shifter for radio frequency signals that employs a hybrid coupler and biased varactor diodes at its reflection terminals. The diodes are operated so that the normalized reactance is unity (equals the coupler's input impedance) at an intermediate frequency which may be the geometric mean of the end frequencies of a broad bandwidth. The couplers are cascaded in tandem for a 360.degree. phase shift. A balanced configuration of hybrid couplers is used for the phase shifter.

Abstract: A radiation detector for free space microwave radiation uses thin film resistive strips, having an equivalent surface resistivity that is large compared to the characteristic impedance of free space, and diode circuits in series with the strips for deriving signals monitoring the radiation intensity over a broad frequency range. The diode circuits are constructed to operate with a uniform response over that frequency range.

Abstract: A broadband microwave attenuator is formed by connecting a plurality of PIN diodes in a modified Tee network. Four semiconductor chips of PIN diode material are arranged in a flat layer sandwiched between conductors to form a strip-line configuration of a TEM transmission line, whereby the diodes are part of the line. This strip-line construction is used with outer diodes connected in series circuit relation between input and output terminals, and inner diodes in shunt relation to ground to form the Tee network. The diodes are constructed as silicon chips and are mounted in very close relation with a substantially uniform conductive strip forming the series-circuit connection between the central diodes.

Abstract: A detection device for electromagnetic radiation uses strips of thin resistive films connected in electrically conductive paths with the area of spacing between adjacent ones of the strips being greater than the area of the strips to achieve an impedance which is largely resistive over a broad band of radio frequencies. The strips are mounted in dielectric material and exposed to free space radiation. A radiation hazard meter is produced with thermally sinked thermocouple elements forming the resistive strips.