Abstract: A real-time system and method for personal air pollution exposure and inhaled dose management is described. A personal device (e.g., smartphone) determines personal exposure and inhaled dose metrics (e.g., daily accumulated dose), and compares daily histories of these metrics with personal health histories (e.g., self-reported daily asthma symptoms/inhaler use) to provide notifications when adverse health effects (e.g., asthma exacerbation) are likely to occur. The system notifications provide a personalized exposure/dose management tool by recommending behavioral changes to reduce exposure/dose (e.g., change time-location, time-physical activities, building operation). These behavioral changes are then used by the system to modify the real-time exposure and dose determined by the system.

Abstract: The method of the invention provides a simple, reproducible reference, or set of reference standards, as a validation of a calibration standard for filter-based measurements of light absorbing aerosol particles (black carbon and brown carbon) and organic carbon and elemental carbon particles found in indoor and outdoor environments, and in emission streams. The set of reference standards comprise grayscale images deposited by a mist or print at a known density on a substrate material. The reference standards may be made by a printer using as a substrate either paper or another material such as glass fiber, quartz fiber, polypropylene, or cellulose.