Abstract: Acceleration and automation of immunohistochemical staining are achieved as follows: an automatic electric field immunohistochemical staining apparatus is configured to provided with a sample mounting unit, a solution supply unit, an electric field stifling unit, and a washing unit; the sample mounting unit on which a glass substrate with a tissue specimen fixed thereto is mounted and the electric field stirring unit that includes an upper electrode are operated in coordination to activate an antigen in the tissue specimen; the sample mounting unit and the solution supply unit containing various solutions are operated in coordination to supply a primary-antibody-containing solution to the tissue specimen; the sample mounting unit and the electric field stirring unit are operated in coordination to perform an antigen-antibody reaction of the antigen in the tissue specimen and a primary antibody; and the electric field stirring unit and the washing unit are operated in coordination.

Abstract: Acceleration and automation of immunohistochemical staining are achieved as follows: an automatic electric field immunohistochemical staining apparatus is configured to provided with a sample mounting unit, a solution supply unit, an electric field stifling unit, and a washing unit; the sample mounting unit on which a glass substrate with a tissue specimen fixed thereto is mounted and the electric field stirring unit that includes an upper electrode are operated in coordination to activate an antigen in the tissue specimen; the sample mounting unit and the solution supply unit containing various solutions are operated in coordination to supply a primary-antibody-containing solution to the tissue specimen; the sample mounting unit and the electric field stirring unit are operated in coordination to perform an antigen-antibody reaction of the antigen in the tissue specimen and a primary antibody; and the electric field stirring unit and the washing unit are operated in coordination.

Abstract: A noncontact stirring method, a noncontact stirring apparatus, a method and apparatus for reacting nucleic acid hybridization using the apparatus, a method for detecting nucleic acid in a sample, an apparatus for detecting nucleic acid, a method for detecting antibodies in a sample, and an apparatus for detecting antibodies in minute droplets 1 ?mL or less in an electric field are proposed that can be utilized to speed up biodetection processes, hybridization processes in DNA analysis, ELISA antigen fixing processes, blocking processes, antibody-antigen reaction processes and color reaction processes; and pathogen identification, CRP tests, methods of propagating cells or bacilli such as colon bacilli in a liquid culture medium, and chemical analyses.

Abstract: A noncontact stirring method, a noncontact stirring apparatus, a method and apparatus for reacting nucleic acid hybridization using the apparatus, a method for detecting nucleic acid in a sample, an apparatus for detecting nucleic acid, a method for detecting antibodies in a sample, and an apparatus for detecting antibodies in minute droplets 1 ?mL or less in an electric field are proposed that can be utilized to speed up biodetection processes, hybridization processes in DNA analysis, ELISA antigen fixing processes, blocking processes, antibody-antigen reaction processes and color reaction processes; and pathogen identification, CRP tests, methods of propagating cells or bacilli such as colon bacilli in a liquid culture medium, and chemical analyses.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus for polishing a workpiece by utilizing a fluid including abrasive particles having a dielectric property. The polishing apparatus includes an electrode for applying processing pressure to the abrasive particles on the workpiece and having electrode elements for collecting and arranging the abrasive particles by a Coulomb force produced by application of an alternating-current voltage to the electrode, and a driving device for driving the electrode.

Abstract: A polishing method with a polishing apparatus includes an electrode constituted as a plurality of electrode elements, a device of driving the electrode, and dielectric abrasive particles disposed between the electrode and a workpiece. Polishing pressure is applied to the particles by a Coulomb force generated when an alternating-current voltage is applied to the electrode.

Abstract: To present an information recording medium for achieving high density information recording, in particular, a high signal output and a high resolution in magnetic recording, for example, an information recording medium sequentially forming a layer made of soft magnetic material, a layer made of nonmagnetic material, and an information recording layer of ordered alloy with L10 crystal structure selected from group A is manufactured in a specified manufacturing method. Herein the group A is defined to include FePt ordered alloy, CoPt ordered alloy, FePd ordered alloy, and their alloy.

Abstract: An information recording layer consisting of a composite of an ordered alloy of L10 crystal structure selected from a group A, and MgO is used for a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The group A includes an FePt ordered alloy, a CoPt ordered alloy, an FePd ordered alloy and an alloy thereof. This information recording layer has a very small magnetic domain structure and allows high density recording as seen from a signal output spectrum showing a result of a recording and reproducing evaluation of a magnetic recording medium in one example. The information recording layer can be formed at lower film formation temperature than a temperature of a composite thin film of an ordered alloy of L10 crystal structure according to a conventional technique.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus includes an electrode constituted as a plurality of electrode elements, a device of driving the electrode, and dielectric abrasive particles disposed between the electrode and a workpiece. Polishing pressure is applied to the particles by a Coulomb force generated when an alternating-current voltage is applied to the electrode.

Abstract: An information recording layer consisting of a composite of an ordered alloy of L10 crystal structure selected from a group A, and MgO is used for a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. The group A includes an FePt ordered alloy, a CoPt ordered alloy, an FePd ordered alloy and an alloy thereof. This information recording layer has a very small magnetic domain structure and allows high density recording as seen from a signal output spectrum showing a result of a recording and reproducing evaluation of a magnetic recording medium in one example. The information recording layer can be formed at lower film formation temperature than a temperature of a composite thin film of an ordered alloy of L10 crystal structure according to a conventional technique.

Abstract: A data recording device such as a hard disk apparatus has an orthogonal coding circuit and a modulation circuit. The orthogonal coding circuit encodes recording data to be recorded to adjacent two tracks as two orthogonal code streams which are included in an Hadamard matrix. The modulation circuit outputs recording signals, which are obtained by modulating the code streams using the NRZI system, to a magnetic head. Reproduction signals read out from a magnetic disk by the magnetic head are decoded as recording data based upon given decoding rules according to the two code streams.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a data recording medium for recording and reproducing data by use of a magnetic field or light and formed of an ordered alloy thin film comprising the steps of forming at least one underlayer principally containing an element or a compound selected from the group consisting of Cr, Pt, Pd, Au, Fe, Ni, MgO, NiO and controlled in such a way that a crystal plane having a crystal lattice face of a Miller index (100) is in parallel to a substrate, and forming an ordered alloy layer with L1.sub.0 crystal structure by sputter deposition within the range satisfying Equation 1: P.times.D>3000, where P is Ar sputter-gas pressure (Pa) and D is a target-substrate distance (mm), is disclosed.