Abstract: The present invention relates to a lock having a key provided with variable key information elements which are adapted to be scanned during rotation of the key around an axis of the lock. The key preferably includes ten (10) cam plates fixedly joined together in pairs for rotation and mounted in pairs on coaxial hollow shafts. Each shaft is driven by a handwheel in an angularly variable manner. Each cam plate has five (5) different radial steps, so that each pair of cam plates correspondingly has twenty-five (25) different possible combinations of angular positions, each of which can be identified by a letter of the alphabet on the respective handwheel. The key combination is legible through a display window. The lock and its key which are of a relatively simple design, allow the key combination to be easily set and readily recalled.

Abstract: Light from a light source reaches a control element via a lens system and a first bar system, is reflected and diffracted there according to local deformations and passed on to a projection surface via a concave reflector, a second bar system and a further lens system. The picture to be amplified is imaged by means of a lens system on a photoelectric conducting layer in the control element. A control layer of the control element is a gel layer and is located between two electrodes in an electrical alternating field that is influenced by the photoelectric conducting layer. The electrode adjacent to the photoelectric conducting layer is formed as a strip grid wherein all strips have the same potential relative to the other electrode. The image to be amplified is exposed on the photoelectric conducting layer in grid-masked form, whereby the grid is disposed orthogonally to the electrode grid. The electrode grid is disposed orthogonal to the bars.

Abstract: On a measuring table (1), a bridge (2) extends over a printed sheet (5) to be measured. A measuring carriage (3) carrying a three color-simultaneous measuring head is arranged on the bridge (2) for linear movement in a back-and-forth manner along a desired path on the printed sheet. For control of the movement of the measuring head during measuring runs and for the evaluation of the measured data, a computer (7) with an integrated image display terminal and a processor system (6) controlled by the computer, is provided with the necessary interfaces. The analysis of a color measuring strip (MS) located along the desired path on the printed sheet is effected in two phases. In a first, so-called recognition run the measuring strip is scanned stepwise with high resolution in all three color channels, for the purpose of an analysis of its configuration. By means of flat locations in the density variations, effective positions (e.g.

Abstract: Two pairs of pivotable flap clamps are arranged on a copy master stage in the area of its exposure window, each pair having flaps respectively disposed above and below the master plane. The pairs of flaps are driven by means of an electromagnet and can be symmetrically opened and closed relative to the master plane. In their closed state, the flaps hold the copy master on two opposing sides with their front edges. Additionally, spring elastic hold-down strips are provided to hold the copy master on its lateral sides. By means of the bilateral clamping of the copy masters with the two pairs of flap clamps, an absolutely flat position of the copy master is obtained. The positioning device is particularly suitable for processing copy masters in which short strips of film or individual images are spaced apart on a carrier strip.

Abstract: Means for converting characters of a first 128-character alphabet (ASCII) into characters of a second 26-character alphabet are provided and convert each pair of characters of the first alphabet into three characters of the second alphabet and vice versa.The means are embodied by a suitably programmed computer. In the conversion, each pair of characters Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 of the first alphabet are interpreted as numbers and divided by 26. The resulting largest multiples Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2 of 26 are multiplied by 1 and 5 respectively and the products are added. The remainders after division give the first two characters A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 out of each set of three characters of the second alphabet, and the sum of the products gives the third character A.sub.3. Reconversion is similar. First, Q.sub.2 is obtained by division as the largest integral multiple of 5 in A.sub.3 and Q.sub.1 is the remainder after division. Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 are then each multiplied by 26 and added to A.sub.1 and A.sub.

Abstract: A transport device conveys film sections, possibly equipped with a reorder strip and mounted on a carrier strip, stepwise through an inspection section. An entering keyboard is provided to read the data to be assigned to each image frame of the film strips into a memory. The input keyboard is coupled by means of a computer with a display device in order to display the data entered.To render the inspection and possibly the correction of data entered for film sections located in the inspection section possible, at least a part of the display device extends essentially along the entire inspection field, while the computer is equipped to cause the data displayed on this part of the display device to run in an essentially synchronous manner with the conveying motion of the film sections on the carrier strip.

Abstract: A measuring instrument, such as a densitometer, that uses an incandescent lamp as a measuring light source is provided with a control stage for energizing the light source upon switch-on to prevent overshoot of the desired luminous flux from the lamp that occurs if the final energizing voltage is applied immediately. The control stage includes an amplifier with a negative feedback network that is fed with a reference voltage via a switch. The feedback network includes a resistance-capacitance element and is responsive to closure of the switch to establish the initial lamp energizing voltage at 1-2% below its final value and to allow the voltage to rise to its final value over a period of 1 to 3 seconds.

Abstract: An illuminating system has as main components: a light source comprising four low voltage lamps and, associated therewith, reflectors and condenser lenses, a filter unit, an image-producing pair of lenses, a deflecting mirror and light-mixing element made of glass. The condenser lenses produce images of the coils of the low voltage lamps in the central horizontal plane of the filter unit. Images of the condenser lenses are produced by the image-producing lens pair in a light entry face of the light-mixing element. This light entry face is provided with ribbings constituting cylindrical lenses of special dimensioning which effect homogenization of the light in the light-mixing element. In order to reduce light losses, the light-mixing element is composed of two frusto pyramidal element parts and has its smallest cross-sectional area in a middle region in which the smaller end faces of the frusto pyramidal parts are joined to an interposed diffusor disc.

Abstract: Film strip portions are attached spacedly on a carrier strap so as to project with substantially their entire bredth from said carrier strap, thus constituting together with the latter a composite unit suitable for being conveyed through a photographic development plant or the like. An apparatus comprising guiding means having two longitudinal guiding edges serves for laterally guiding this composite unit; one of these longitudinal guiding edges serves for guiding the longitudinal edge of the carrier strap opposite to said edge thereof from which the film strap portions project. In order to ensure an accurate lateral guidance independently of the total bredth of the composite unit which may vary due to inexact attachment of the film strip portions to the carrier strap or due to a bend in the film, the second longitudinal guiding edge is adapted to engage the first longitudinal edge of the carrier strap, by contact with the latter carrier strap edge underneath the film strip portions projecting therefrom.

Abstract: The enciphering section of an enciphering/deciphering system includes a random number generator, a primary code memory and a multiplex unit in addition to the actual enciphering unit. The deciphering section includes a deciphering unit, a primary code memory and a demultiplex unit. At the beginning of each transmission, and after disturbances, the enciphering and deciphering sections are first synchronized by means of a synchronization sequence. Then a random address is produced by the random number generator for a primary code, and a randomly determined auxiliary code is also selected. The address and the auxiliary code are then transmitted and the primary and auxiliary codes are loaded into the enciphering and deciphering units. The randomly controlled, statistical selection of the primary code simplifies the code management and thus the operation of the system.

Abstract: A measuring head for a densitometer comprises a light source and an optical system for forming a spot of light of defined size on the surface of an object under test. The optical system guides the reflected or transmitted light, depending on the type of densitometer, from the area of the spot to a photoelectric measuring transducer. The light intensity distribution across the spot as seen by the transducer is weighted to have a bell-shaped curve with its maximum at the center of the spot. The weighting may be done in the optical path from the spot area to the transducer or, as described, in the path between the source and spot area by means of a filter comprised of a plano-convex transparent lens and a plano-concave lens of neutral grey glass. The lenses have the same index of refraction and the same curvatures and are joined to form a plane parallel plate having a maximum transmissivity on its axis, the transmissivity decreasing radially from the axis.

Abstract: An encipher-decipher apparatus including an input keyboard and a processing and control stage which enciphers or deciphers data received directly from the keyboard or preferably from a text store with the aid of a cipher generator. The cipher generator produces a cipher sequence dependent on two code data items that determine the initial state of the cipher generator. One item for encryption is supplied as a set of random code characters from a random generator. The random generator comprises a continually cycled modulo-n counter and a FIFO memory into which the instantaneous state of the counter is entered at each of successive actuations of keys of the keyboard, such key operations being those done in any event in the use of the apparatus. The cycle time of the counter is much less than the time between consecutive key operations. A clock rate of 100 kHz is suggested. The set of characters is read out of the FIFO store at the start of data processing for use by the cipher generator.

Abstract: The differences between the scanned values of corresponding image points of a specimen and an original are formed by point-by-point scanning and comparison with an original. The difference values are subjected to a tone or shade correction, and then a weighting process and a minimum threshold correction. In the shade or tone correction, a mean value formed from the difference values in a specific surrounding area of the associated image point is subtracted from each difference value. The weighting process is effected individually for each image point and results in systematic errors and critical image zones not producing faulty assessments. The weighting factors are determined by statistical analysis of specimens which are assessed as good visually. The minimum threshold correction eleminates all those pre-treated difference values which are below a certain minimum threshold.

Abstract: Specimens, the quality of whose print is to be examined, are scanned photoelectrically point-by-point and compared point-by-point with one or more originals. The resulting reflectance differences are processed in different correction stages and then subjected to a point-by-point threshold decision, an individual threshold value being used for each image point. The threshold values are produced by analysis of specimens which have acceptable deviations, the maximum positive and negative reflectance differences due to their deviations being used directly as the threshold values. The analysis is effected by reference to electronically simulated specimens, an original or originals and a specimen being electronically displaced relatively to one another and reflectances being electronically varied in order to simulate register deviations and shade or tone deviations.

Abstract: From color density triplets, obtained by the photoelectric point by point scanning of a negative, there are formed an integral density value, a mean density value and a maximum density parameter which are combined by linear combination to form a basic density correction value which modulates the overall density of copies to be produced from the negative. The negative is subdivided into concentric zones, and the more centrally located zones are given a greater weight than the outer zones when the integral density values and the maximum density parameter are being formed. A threshold value is formed and the negative is checked for areas of density greater than the threshold extending up to the margin, and the density values of image points included in such areas are reduced by a certain fraction.

Abstract: A reel of film is printed automatically in a printer to which reel identification, data etc., are fed on a basic data support. Each frame is counted as it passes through the printer and an address consisting of the result of the count and the reel identification data is applied to the print. After visual assessment of the first prints, a correction programme tape is produced with addresses and correction data of the defectively-printed frames and then the printing of these frames is automatically repeated by means of the programme tape. This operation is repeated as required. The programme tape and the film reel are then filed, the first and the repeat prints are sent to the customer who may then compile his reprint order from the addresses shown on the prints. A new programme tape is prepared in the laboratory from the filed programme tape and the reprint order information and the printer is controlled by means of the programme tape in order to carry out the reprint order.

Abstract: A three-component zoom lens in which the middle component is axially adjustable and has a positive refractive power which in absolute terms is at least twice that of the other two lens components. A diaphragm is disposed in the movable middle component. For image position correction, means kinematically coupled to the middle component are provided for the joint axial displacement of all three lens components.

Abstract: A method for controlling exposure in the direct printing of color transparencies, the method comprising comparing the neutral density of an original transparency required to be printed with a reference transparency to obtain a measure of the difference in neutral density, this difference then being used to control the exposure time. Control is effected by increasing the exposure time for that portion of the density difference which exceeds a first positive limit by a predetermined amount which is less than the increase in exposure time required by the positive density difference below the first positive limit and decreasing the exposure time for that portion of the density difference which is less than a second negative limit by a predetermined amount which is less than the decrease in exposure time required by the negative density difference above the second negative limit.

Abstract: A device for guiding a strip so that it is kept in a predetermined lateral position as the strip moves from a supply to a take up reel. The device includes mechanical sensors sensing the lateral edges of the strip, the sensors being coupled by a differential linkage system to a frame in which is mounted a pair of rollers, one each side of the strip and in contact therewith. The frame is pivoted about an axis perpendicular to the strip so that if the strip shifts laterally the sensors move the differential linkage to pivot the frame and thereby cause the rollers, one of which is driven or braked, to impart a component of motion to the strip to move it back to its initial position.