Abstract: A method and circuit arrangement for covering peak energy demand in an electrical AC or three-phase current network having a plurality of consumers of which at least some of the consumers are equipped with a stand-by power supply network having accumulators and at least one rectifier fed from the electrical network. The method includes feeding a fraction of energy from the accumulators of each individual stand-by power supply network into the electrical network via inverters for a short term peak demand of the electrical network. The fraction of energy is fed from the accumulators as long as peak demand is present and sufficient energy for the stand-by power supply is still available in the accumulators.

Abstract: A method of forming metallic current conducting lugs on an accumulator electrode plate wherein at least the region where the current conducting lug has to be formed comprises a plastic net structure which is preferably provided with a metallization which conducts electricity well, in particular of copper, which is in turn provided with a tin or lead/tin coating and/or a lead coating or a lead alloy coating. Metal strips of an alloy which melts at low temperature are applied to the two oppositely disposed surfaces of the plastic net structure in the region of the current conducting lug which is to be formed. The strips cover over at least the upper region of the current conducting lug which is to be formed.

Abstract: The cover (11) of an accumulator has a degassing channel (12) which connects the interior space (36) of one or more cells, with a side channel (14) formed in a side wall (13) of the cover (11). The side channel (14) is sealingly closed by a cover plate (15). At the beginning of the side channel (14), a porous body (17) is provided in a surround (20), whilst, in the end region of the side channel (14), a depression (23) is located, the depression (23) being provided in a cover plate and having a base (24) in which a gas outlet opening (16 ) is provided.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one physical parameter of accumulator electrode plates, such as the true plate thickness P.sub.d, the apparent density D.sub.s of the active material, the true density D.sub.w of the active material, the pore volume P.sub.a, the porosity P.sub.0 of the active material or the pore structure, is performed such that, by means of various weighings, the weight (G.sub.FP) of a liquid plate is determined instead of the weight of a real electrode plate, and, from this value, the desired physical parameter is obtained which is used for controlling the production process.

Abstract: A grid casting mold for the casting of accumulator lead grids has two plates (11, 12) which can be placed against one another with a casting profile (13) or mold cavity complementary to the lead grid which is to be manufactured being formed in their confronting mold surfaces. The plates (11, 12) moreover have a base body (14, 15) which is provided at the profile side with a thermally insulating layer (16, 17) of high temperature fiber ceramic material which is coated on the side remote from the base body (14, 15) with a high wear resistant metal oxide (18, 19).

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrolyte-tight terminal post which extends through the cover of a storage battery. The invention more particularly concerns the labyrinth seal between the terminal post and the plastic of the battery cover. It is proposed to design the foot region of the terminal post as a flange which extends radially outward, whereby ribs extend outwardly from the flange substantially parallel to the terminal-post axis.

Abstract: A negative electrode for lead-acid storage batteries comprises a grid plate (11) serving as the carrier for the active material and for current supply and return. The grid plate (11) is a network of plastic threads produced by a weaving process which is rendered electrically conductive by coating it, with a highly conductive thin layer of metal and additionally metallized with at least one coating of a lead-tin alloy or of lead. The grid plate (11) is subdivided into storage zones (12) produced by deep-drawing for receiving the active material and into current conducting zones (14) for current supply and return.

Abstract: An electrode for primary or secondary electric cells comprises a support and an active material, the support being an electrically conductive network material which extends skeletally throughout the active material.

Abstract: In a method for the electrical measurement of the concentration of acids a measurement electrode (11) consisting at least predominantly of crystalline graphite is arranged in an acid (12) having anions which form graphite intercalation compounds with graphite. The measurement electrode (11) is then intercalated by generating in the measurement electrode (11), at a variable positive potential, a current of such a size that the anions of the acids (12) can from graphite intercalation compounds with the graphite. The current is maintained until the intercalation compounds have formed at the surface. The potential at the measurement electrode (11) is then measured and used as a measure for the acid concentration. The measurement electrode (11) is subsequently deintercalated again.

Abstract: The invention concerns a sheet material and separator envelopes manufactured therefrom for enclosing electrode plates of batteries. The cited object is to improve the manufacturability of the heat-sealed or bonded seams of the electrode envelopes and to prevent puncturing or rupturing of the separator envelopes due to growth of the positive grid. This object is achieved by means of a base-sheet thickness for the sheet material used to manufacture the separator envelopes which is greater in the region of the marginal areas than in the region of the inner surface of the sheet material or separator envelopes.

Abstract: The invention concerns a storage battery that is protected against the discharge of acid, with fleece separators which completely fill the space between the electrode plates. It is proposed that spacers be built into the fleece separators during a preliminary production step of the separator material. These spacers have support surfaces which are situated at least on one side of the separator material below the surface of said separator material and which preferably extend approximately parallel to the surface of the separator material. The spacers can be fixed in position by a preferably very thin and wide-meshed screen that has been worked into the separator material.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing accumulator plate sets separator sheets (15) consisting of glass fleece are cut to size and are adhesively bonded to form pockets after being folded around a positive grid plate laid thereon. A predetermined compressive stress is maintained in the plate set (18) by bands (21) placed around it, whereupon the plate sets are then inserted into an accumulator housing (20).

Abstract: A negative electrode for lead accumulators has the shape of a rectangular planar grid plate (11) consisting of expanded copper metal which serves as a carrier for the active mass and for the supply and extraction of current. The grid plate (11) consists of two side regions of expanded copper metal (14) and a copper strip (12) which is arranged between them in one piece therewith, and which projects at one end beyond the regions of expanded copper metal in order to form the connection lug (13). A current conducting strip is formed at the upper edge of the regions (14) of the expanded metal grid by the appropriately cut-off webs (15) which are bent towards one another into mutual contact at the edge (16) of the expanded copper metal regions (14) at the connection lug side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thin sheet material which can be bonded for the production of separator pockets for lead accumulators in which, in particular, the positive plates of the lead accumulators provided with a web covering are jacketed. It is the objective to optimize the production of the separator pockets and the web covering of the plates and to obtain a better utilization of the positive mass. This objective is met by a web covering which is directly applied to the sheet material for the production of the separator pockets and has an area extension which is smaller than the inside area of the sheet material defined by the provided bonding seams of the separator pocket wherein the web covering preferably consists of an electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A process of recovering lead from old lead accumulator scrap comprises the mechanical comminution of the old lead accumulators, the collection of old acid, the sifting of the broken plastic from the mixture of lead and lead compounds, the initial separating off of larger metallic parts, the application of the mixture of lead and lead compounds as a porous layer to a cathode plate and the arrangement thereof with the cathode plate in dilute sulphuric acid as an electrolyte opposite to an anode plate at a small spacing, and the reduction of the lead compounds to lead by the flow of current from the cathode plate to the anode plate. The electrolysis is first carried out at a higher sulphuric acid concentration and then at a lower sulphuric acid concentration.

Abstract: A negative electrode for lead accumulators has the form of a rectangular, expanded metal, grid plate 11 of copper. The grid plate serves as carrier for the active mass and for the supply and extraction of current. The direction of stretching of the expanded metal extends parallel to the edge of the rectangular grid plate at which the connection lug is arranged. A lead strip 13, which is in one piece with the connection lug, is conductively secured to the top edge of the grid plate. The lead strip 13 is cast onto the grid plate 11 (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A negative electrode for lead accumulators has the form of a rectangular, expanded metal, grid plate 11 of copper. The grid plate serves as carrier for the active mass and for the supply and extraction of current. The direction of stretching of the expanded metal extends parallel to the edge of the rectangular grid plate at which the connection lug is arranged. A lead strip 13, which is in one piece with the connection lug, is conductively secured to the top edge of the grid plate. The lead strip 13 is cast onto the grid plate 12 (FIG. 1).