Abstract: A behavioural modification system and method facilitates the achieving by a user (Q) of one or more objectives. The system includes sensors (12) to measure at least one physiological or psychological parameter of the user; a memory to store data concerning the physiological or psychological parameter or a range of physiological or psychological parameters for the user, based on information from the sensors at at least one point in time; and a comparator to compare the at least one measured parameter at subsequent points in time with stored data for the user.

Abstract: Blood analysis is carried out using a portable video camera with an objective lens, by placing the video camera such that the objective lens is completely obstructed, at least partly by at least part of an appendage forming part of an individual, and operating the video camera. The image signals from the video camera are then analysed to deduce information about blood flow in the appendage. This information may concern blood flow (e.g. pulse rate) or blood constituents. The video camera may form part of a mobile phone, and the objective lens may be completely obstructed by a fingertip. The resulting data may be displayed in real-time on the mobile phone.