Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes with halogen containing compounds as additives and solar cells with high Ohmic sheet resistance, preferably photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to a solar cell precursor at least comprising as precursor parts: i) a wafer with sheet resistance of at least 80 Ohm/sq.; ii) an electro-conductive paste at least comprising: a) metallic particles; b) a glass frit; c) an organic vehicle; and d) a halogen containing compound applied to the wafer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing electrolyte capacitors with high capacitances and low equivalent series resistance, to electrolyte capacitors produced by this process and to the use of such electrolyte capacitors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of electrolyte capacitors having a low equivalent series resistance and low residual current, electrolyte capacitors produced by this process and the use of such electrolyte capacitors.

Abstract: 4?-epidaunorubicin hydrochloride is provided in a crystalline form which is stable and readily soluble. A process of producing the crystalline form includes crystallizing 4?-epidaunorubicin hydrochloride in a solvent system including (a) solvent A selected from C1 and C2 halogenated solvents and mixtures thereof, (b) solvent B selected from C1-C5 straight and branched alcohols and mixtures thereof, and (c) solvent C selected from C1-C5 straight and branched alcohols and mixtures thereof, wherein solvent C is selected to provide lower solubility to 4?-epidaunorubicin hydrochloride than solvent B.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel processes for preparing an aqueous or nonaqueous dispersion or solution comprising at least one conductive polymer and at least one polyanion, characterized in that the polymerization is performed at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, to aqueous or nonaqueous dispersions or solutions prepared by this process and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ashing plant for enriching noble metals from fluorine-containing materials, comprising a thermal treatment chamber (1) having a refractory insulating lining on the inside of the chamber and an exhaust gas cleaning system, whereby the refractory insulating lining is resistant to hydrofluoric acid and the exhaust gas cleaning system comprises at least one thermal after-incineration chamber (2), at least one or more acid scrubber(s) (3, 4) and at least one alkaline scrubber (5).

Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes with salt additives with anions consisting of halogen and oxygen, and solar cells with high Ohmic sheet resistance, preferably photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to an electro-conductive paste at least comprising as paste constituents: a) metallic particles; b) a glass frit; c) an organic vehicle; and d) a salt with an anion comprising an oxygen atom and a halogen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of such compounds, the compounds obtainable by this process, the use of these compounds, semiconducting layers and electronic components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical device or implant made at least in part of a high-strength, low-modulus metal alloy comprising niobium, tantalum, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, tungsten, and molybdenum. The medical devices according to the present invention provide superior characteristics with regard to biocompatibility, radio-opacity and MRI compatibility.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a method for producing an electrical bushing for an implantable device, an electrical bushing, and an implantable device. The method according to one embodiment includes forming a base body from a ceramic slurry and introducing a bushing conductor made of a metal or cermet material with a metal fraction into the base body. The metal fraction in the bushing conductor is provided to decrease towards the base body. It includes sintering the green blank that includes the base body and the bushing conductor.

Abstract: A method is provided for production of a medical marker (4) made of an X-ray-opaque material, including the following steps: a) photolithographic application of a mask (31) on a substrate (1); b) deposition of the X-ray-opaque material (40) of the marker (4) on the substrate (1); c) removal of the mask (31); and d) elimination of the substrate (1).

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion used for producing a conductive film is provided. The dispersion contains a complex of poly(3,4-dialkoxythiophene) and a polyanion, and is produced by polymerizing 3,4-dialkoxythiophene in an aqueous solvent in the presence of the polyanion by using peroxodisulfuric acid as an oxidizing agent or by using an oxidizing agent and an acid that is employed so as to lower pH of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of a layer structure, comprising the following process steps: i) Providing a layer structure comprising a substrate and an electrically conductive layer on the substrate which comprises an electrically conductive polymer; ii) Bringing at least a part of the surface of the electrically conductive layer into contact with a composition Z1 comprising an organic compound capable of releasing chlorine, bromine or iodine. The invention also relates to a layer structure obtainable by this method, a layer structure, the use of a layer structure, an electronic component and the use of an organic compound.

Abstract: A bright noble metal preparation for firing on ceramic/porcelain surfaces at a minimum temperature of 900° C. The preparation has at least one organic noble metal compound including at least one of an organic gold, platinum, silver and palladium compound, at least one flux that consists of organometallic compounds including Cr in the form of at least one organic compound, such that a Cr content is 0.01 to 1.0 mole per mole of noble metal, and at least one vehicle. The bright noble metal preparation is rhodium-free and has a noble metal content of 6 to 20 wt. %, based on the preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor which includes the following steps: a) providing an electrode body made of an electrode material, wherein a dielectric at least partially covers a surface of this electrode material to obtain an anode body; b) introducing a dispersion, which contains particles of an electrically conductive polymer with a particle size (d50) of 70 nm and less and a dispersing agent, into at least a part of the anode body; c) at least partial removing the dispersing agent to obtain a capacitor body; d) introducing into the capacitor body, a polyalkylene glycol or a polyalkylene glycol derivative or a combination of at least two thereof as an impregnating agent. The invention also relates to an electrolytic capacitor manufactured with this method, the use of an electrolytic capacitor and electronic circuits.

Abstract: Described is a complex comprising a polythiophene and a sulphonated synthetic rubber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition comprising polythiophene, comprising the method steps: I) provision of a composition Z1 comprising thiophene monomers and an oxidising agent; II) oxidative polymerisation of the thiophene monomers by reducing the oxidising agent to a reduction product and oxidation of the thiophene monomer, to form a polythiophene and a composition Z2 comprising the reduction product; III) at least partial removal of the reduction product from the composition Z2 obtained in method step II), to obtain a composition Z3; wherein it is ensured that, following completion of method step III), the content of non-polymerised thiophene monomer in the composition Z3 is in the range from 1 ppm to 100 ppm, based on the total weight of the composition Z3.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion used for producing a conductive film is provided. The dispersion contains a complex of poly(3,4-dialkoxythiophene) and a polyanion, and is produced by polymerizing 3,4-dialkoxythiophene in an aqueous solvent in the presence of the polyanion by using peroxodisulfuric acid as an oxidizing agent or by using an oxidizing agent and an acid that is employed so as to lower pH of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: One aspect is an alloy consisting of niobium, zirconium, tantalum, and tungsten. The alloy is formed with a melt metallurgical route such that all four metals solidify as a homogeneous alloy having no inclusions more than 10 ?m in size.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the production of bendamustine alkyl ester, bendamustine, as well as derivatives thereof. With the methods the production of these compounds is possible in reproducibly high yields. To this end, hydroxyl-group-containing esters are used as the starting material, whose hydroxyl groups are substituted in a simple way by halogen groups. This substitution is possible in the presence of (i) oxalyl chloride and (ii) dialkylformamide, dialkyl acetamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. In a subsequent reaction, the resulting esters can be hydrolyzed to form the acid.