Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an engine-braking master piston for a first cylinder actuated by a first rocker arm which, in turn, is actuated by the inlet push rod of another cylinder and an exhaust-gas-recirculation master piston is provided which is actuated by a second rocker arm which, in turn, is actuated by the exhaust push rod of another cylinder. An oil passage selector valve is provided for selectively switching over the hydraulic pressures produced by the engine-braking master piston and exhaust-gas-recirculation master piston to an oil passage to actuate a slave piston and open an exhaust valve of the first cylinder. To effect engine braking, the exhaust valve of the first cylinder opens as the piston is near its top dead center position at the end of the compression stroke or at the beginning of the expansion stroke.

Abstract: A method of controlling a battery car in which a motor is driven by a battery and the battery is charged with regeneration power generated by deceleration torque comprises the steps of charging a large-capacitance capacitor connected in parallel with the battery and the motor while restricting a current flowing from the battery to the large-capacitance capacitor, when the voltage of the large-capacitance capacitor is lower than a first voltage, charging the battery to a preset voltage while restricting a current flowing from the large-capacitance capacitor to the battery, when a charging voltage of the large-capacitance capacitor is increased above a predetermined voltage by the regeneration power, and driving the motor with only the charge stored in the large-capacitance capacitor, when the voltage of the large-capacitance capacitor is at least a second voltage.

Abstract: In addition to an engine-braking master piston, an exhaust-gas-recirculation master piston is provided to pressurize an oil having been supplied to an oil passage and open an exhaust valve in a suction stroke. A directional control valve selectively switches transmission of hydraulic pressures produced by the engine-braking and exhaust-gas-recirculation master pistons so that the exhaust valve adjacent to a top dead center in a compression stroke is opened to discharge the compressed air. Exhaust gas recirculation can be effected while braking action by a braking force produced in the compression stroke is ensured.

Abstract: A power steering and limited slip differential system is provided with a main booster generating a steering effort for front wheels, a directional control valve having a pair of reaction chambers and a friction clutch disposed between a differential gear mechanism and a driving wheel axle for rear wheels and is further added with an auxiliary booster generating a compensation steering effort for the front wheels and a clutch control air cylinder for coupling and decoupling the friction clutch.

Abstract: A power steering device for steering the wheels of a motor vehicle has a booster mechanism, a directional control valve mechanism, a hydraulic pump mechanism, an oil pressure setting valve and a pressurized oil injection valve mechanism. The booster mechanism receives pressurized oil from different directions and generates a steering force to steer the wheels of the vehicle in a left or right direction depending on from which direction the pressurized oil is received. The hydraulic pump mechanism pressurizes hydraulic oil from an oil reserve and supplies the pressurized oil to a feeding side hydraulic pump arrangement. The directional control valve mechanism is connected to the feeding side hydraulic pump arrangement and the booster mechanism and controls which direction the pressurized oil flows from the booster. The directional control valve mechanism has first and second reaction chambers.

Abstract: The backwash type particulate filter according to the present invention is constituted by a gas permeable ceramic filter with a plurality of bores, the one ends of which open to gas inlet ports and the other ends of which open to gas outlet ports and the inner surfaces of the bores being used for filtration surfaces, and a NOx catalyst carried on the outer surface of the ceramic filter. Accordingly, the NOx catalyst is isolated from the influence of heat caused by burning the soot in the exhaust gas from a diesel engine collected on the filtration surfaces, thereby maintaining its catalytic function for a long time. The soot in the exhaust gas is effectively removed with the ceramic filter and the hazardous gas components in the exhaust gas with the NOx catalyst, respectively.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electric braking and auxiliary engine mechanism for a motor vehicle including a rotary machine coupled with the crank shaft of the internal combustion engine which drives the axle of the vehicle. This mechanism is characterized in that squirrel-cage polyphase induction machine is used as the rotary machine which is fixedly connected to the crank shaft, and the squirrel-cage polyphase induction mechanism is fed with a revolving magnetic field which is variable either positive or negative direction by an invertor, so that the squirrel-cage polyphase induction machine may be utilized either as a power generator or a motor.

Abstract: A limited slip differential for a vehicle comprises a friction clutch disposed between a differential gear mechanism and a drive wheel axle, a clutch control cylinder for coupling and decoupling the friction clutch, a normally closed type solenoid valve for charging compressed air to the cylinder from a pressure air source and a normally opened type solenoid valve for discharging compressed air from the cylinder to the air. The normally closed type and normally opened type solenoid valves are operated by a control unit in response to a low .mu. road start, a low .mu. road run, a straight run and a brake so as to charge and discharge compressed air to and from the cylinder and thereby to control air pressure in the cylinder. A power device for a vehicle is composed by adding an engine control cylinder disposed in an acceleration control mechanism and an engine control valve for charging and discharging compressed air to the cylinder, and wherein during a low .mu.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electric braking and auxiliary engine mechanism for a motor vehicle including a rotary machine coupled with the crank shaft of the internal combustion engine which drives the axle of the vehicle. This mechanism is characterized in that squirrel-cage polyphase induction machine is used as the rotary machine which is fixedly connected to the crank shaft, and the squirrel-cage polyphase induction mechanism is fed with a revolving magnetic field which is variable either positive or negative direction by an invertor, so that the squirrel-cage polyphase induction machine may be utilized either as a power generator or a motor.

Abstract: A fuel injection timing apparatus comprises a pair of weights which rotate synchronously with an engine, so that adjustment of the injection timing of a fuel injection pump is carried out by means of the movement of these weights against the biasing forces of springs. This apparatus further comprises stopper members disposed at positions corresponding to both opposed ends of the weights to be movable in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the movement of the weights, and temperature-sensitive driving devices for moving the stopper members in accordance with ambient temperatures, which are arranged to operate such that, when the engine is started, the stopper members are made to project between the pair of weights in accordance with the ambient temperatures to restrain the weights which tend to return to their initial positions by the biasing forces of the springs.

Abstract: A power steering system for use in a motor vehicle is disclosed.

Abstract: An automated mechanical transmission system for use in commercial vehicles comprises an oil spray type oil hydraulic clutch, a mechanical transmission having a shift cylinder, a shift valve, a select cylinder, and a select valve, a hydraulic system control circuit, a clutch oil spray circuit, and a clutch/transmission select valve. The oil hydraulic clutch includes an oil hydraulic clutch servo cylinder for sandwiching a clutch disk between a pressure plate and a clutch cover, the system control circuit includes a high pressure side and a low pressure side hydraulic clutch control lines connected with the clutch servo cylinder, and a hydraulic transmission control line connected with the shift cylinder and select cylinder through the shift valve and select valve. A pressure control valve actuated by a pressure control pilot valve is disposed at the low pressure side hydraulic clutch control line.

Abstract: A power steering system for use in a large vehicle comprises: a main booster; an auxiliary booster; a main hydraulic line for connecting the main booster to a hydraulic pump; an auxiliary hydraulic line branching off from the main hydraulic line and connecting the auxiliary booster to the hydraulic pump; a control valve disposed in the main hydraulic line; a reaction pressure supply passage for the control valve; a reaction pressure supply-side variable throttle disposed in the reaction pressure supply passage; a reaction pressure relief-side variable throttle disposed in a reaction pressure relief passage for the control valve; and a load sensing valve. A controller opens and closes the variable throttles in response to the vehicle speed to control the flow rate of hydraulic oil flowing into a reaction chamber of the control valve and flowing out from the reaction chamber, and a hydraulic reaction force generated in the control valve is controlled.

Abstract: An improved gasket where the openings in the gasket which fit around the cylinder bores is provided with a grommet which is generally U-shaped in cross-section, having spaced ends at least one of which is bent inwardly to engage the bore wall of the grommet to securely hold the grommet in place in the gasket opening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion chamber in a direct-injection diesel engine. The combustion chamber has a restriction at its inlet and a plurality of recesses in a side surface thereof. Atomized streams of fuel are injected at equal angular intervals from a fuel nozzle having injection ports which are one more than the recesses. The recesses make the piston top surface thinner, and would thermally destruct stepped portions of valve clearances defined in the piston for intake and exhaust valves. To prevent this, the stepped portions of the valve clearances are displaced off the recesses. The side surface of the combustion chamber with which the atomized fuel collides is inclined at an angle of 45.degree. with respect to the piston top surface. With the above construction, good and quiet fuel combustion can be achieved throughout the full range of engine rotation.

Abstract: A bypass passage interconnects intake manifold passages and has a bypass valve disposed therein for shifting the tuning point for inertia supercharging, the bypass valve being actuatable to close and open the bypass passage by a bypass valve actuator operatively connected between the bypass valve and an accelerator-responsive lever for closing the bypass valve when the engine load increases.

Abstract: An injection timing control system for a fuel-injection pump for an engine has a phase angle regulator for varying the rotational phase angle of a drive shaft of the fuel-injection pump in which a cylindrical extension of one of an input shaft adapted to be driven by the engine and an output shaft for driving the drive shaft of the pump surrounds an end portion of the other shaft in spaced apart relationship. A male spline is formed on the end portion over some axial length thereof while a female spline is formed on the extension over some axial length thereof, at least one of the splines being a helical spline. A slider is located in an annular space between the splines and formed with splines meshing therewith respectively. An annular cylinder is formed between the substantial parts of the rest axial length portions of the extension and end portion, and a piston is reciprocally received in the cylinder, the slider and piston being formed as a unit.

Abstract: An injection timing control system for a fuel-injection pump for an engine has a phase angle regulator for varying the rotational phase angle of a drive shaft of the fuel-injection pump. The regulator has a cylindrical extension of one of an input shaft adapted to be driven by the engine and an output shafts for driving the drive shaft of the pump coaxially surrounding an end portion of the other shaft in spaced apart relationship. A male spline and female spline are formed respectively on the end portion and the extension over some axial length thereof, at least one of the splines being a helical spline. A slider is located in an annular space between the splines and formed with splines meshing therewith respectively. An annular cylinder is formed between the substantial parts of the rest axial length portions of the cylindrical extension and end portion. A piston is reciprocally received in the cylinder, the slider and piston being formed as a unit.