Abstract: A disc storage apparatus includes at least one disc having at least one recording surface, at least one head associated with the at least one recording surface for recording data on the at least one recording surface, a decoder circuit which receives coded data from the at least one head, decodes the coded data to parallel data, and outputs the parallel data, and a disc control unit which receives the parallel data from the decoder circuit and outputs the parallel data outside the disc storage apparatus. The apparatus may further include a host interface control unit coupled to a host computer and the disc control unit, wherein the disc control unit outputs the parallel data to the host computer via the host interface control unit, and a buffer memory which stores the parallel data to be outputted to the host computer.

Abstract: A data processing method of recording data on a recording medium mounted on an information recording apparatus. The data processing method includes the steps of dividing, in a disk controller, parallel data constituted by p bits transferred from a high-rank device into data each having q bits, where p and q are numbers; transferring the data each having q bits from the disk controller to an encoder as parallel data constituted by q bits; encoding, in the encoder, the data each having q bits to generate recording signals corresponding to data to be recorded; and recording the recording signals on the recording medium, thereby recording the data to be recorded on the recording medium.

Abstract: A disc storage apparatus includes at least one disc having at least one recording surface, a disc control unit for receiving a first number of write data, and outputting, through a plurality of lines, a second number of write data selected from the first number of write data, where the first number of write data and the second number of write data are each at least two write data, an encoder circuit coupled to the disc control unit through the plurality of lines for receiving the second number of write data from the disc control unit through the plurality of lines, encoding the second number of write data in parallel to produce coded data, and outputting the coded data for recording on the at least one recording surface, and a microprocessor for designating the second number of write data to be selected from the first number of write data, outputted by the disc control unit through the plurality of lines, and received by the encoder circuit from the disc control unit through the plurality of lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including a liquid crystal panel of a plurality of dots, an X drive circuit for supplying display information of at least one line to the liquid crystal panel and a Y drive circuit for selecting one-dot data for each line of the liquid crystal panel, the X drive circuit and the Y drive circuit enabling energization of the liquid crystal panel. A plurality of memories are provided for receiving a plurality of bits of information data and for storing at least M dot display information data so as to enable display of a respective line of the liquid crystal panel, M being an integer.

Abstract: A disc storage apparatus includes a disc having at least one recording surface, a head associated with the recording surface for recording data on the recording surface during a data write operation, and for reproducing data from the recording surface during a data read operation, a disc control unit for receiving data and outputting parallel data during the data write operation, and for receiving parallel data and outputting data during the data read operation, and an encoder/decoder circuit for receiving the parallel data from the disc control unit and outputting data to the head to be recorded on the recording surface during the data write operation, and for receiving from the head data reproduced from the recording surface and outputting parallel data to the disc control unit during the data read operation.

Abstract: A focusing apparatus for video camera or the like in which a change-over between automatic focusing and manual focusing is possible comprises an endlessly rotatable and hand-worked manipulator, a detector for detecting the direction and amount of manipulation or rotational movement of the manipulator, and a controller/driver for moving a part of optical elements in an optical system along its optical axis direction in a direction corresponding to the direction of manipulation of the manipulator detected by the detector and by a distance corresponding to the amount of manipulation of the manipulator detected by the detector, thereby taking the focus.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display system capable of making a display of 2.sup.i+j (i, j: positive integers) kinds of tones display includes a frame rate control device for selecting one out of frame rate control data of 2.sup.j kinds in accordance with j-bit display data included in (i+j)-bit display data, i and j being positive integers, a multi-level tone pulse generator for generating display pulses of 2.sup.i +1 kinds including at least activation for display, inactivation for display, and intermediate display corresponding to an intermediate level, and a selection drive device for selecting a display pulse of one kind out of display pulses of 2.sup.i +1 kinds in accordance with the frame rate control data supplied from the frame rate control device and i-bit display data and applying the selected display pulse to a liquid crystal panel, the i-bit being different from the j-bit.

Abstract: If information is to be recorded on and reproduced from a recording medium in correspondence between a code train in the form of a run-length-limited code and the positions of the leading edge and the trailing edge data of a status transition pattern such as pits, recording domains, a sync signal is inserted at regular intervals in the information converted in the form of the run-length-limited code. The sync signal is constituted by a code train capable of deciding that the sync signal includes a code not existing in the conversion rule into a run-length-limited code during reproduction using a leading edge data or trailing edge data relative to the transition pattern.

Abstract: If information is to be recorded on and reproduced from a recording medium in correspondence between a code train in the form of a run-length-limited code and the positions of the leading edge and the trailing edge data of a status transition pattern such as pits, recording domains, a sync signal is inserted at regular intervals in the information converted in the form of the run-length-limited code. The sync signal is constituted by a code train capable of deciding that the sync signal includes a code not existing in the conversion rule into a run-length-limited code during reproduction using a leading edge data or trailing edge data relative to the transition pattern.

Abstract: A disk-like optical information recording medium in/from which information can be optically recorded/reproduced along a virtual track virtually defined in a spiral or concentric circular form on the recording medium is provided with a pair of wobbling pits provided for each predetermined data record unit and shifted in position in opposite senses of a radius direction with respect to a virtual track center and a group of at least two pits provided at specified positions in association with a leading one of the paired wobbling pits. The pit group forms together with the leading wobbling pit a mark following a predetermined modulation rule applied upon recording of information and changes between tracks adjacent to each other in the radius direction.

Abstract: A sync signal generator of a television receiver for use in a vehicle has a phase reset detector for gradually absorbing a phase fluctuation of an input sync signal which occurs due to a ghost phenomenon or a fading phenomenon and reducing a phase fluctuation. The sync signal generator provides a sync signal synchronized with an output signal of the phase reset signal detector. Thus, a stable sync signal without a sudden change in phase can be obtained although it is synchronized with the input sync signal.

Abstract: A focusing apparatus for a video camera or the like in which a change-over between automatic focusing and manual focusing is possible includes an endlessly rotatable and hand-worked manipulator, a detector for detecting the direction and amount of manipulation or rotational movement of the manipulator, and a controller/driver for moving a part of the optical elements in an optical system along its optical axis direction in a direction corresponding to the direction of manipulation of the manipulator detected by the detector and by a distance corresponding to the amount of manipulation of the manipulator detected by the detector, thereby taking the focus.

Abstract: If information is to be recorded on and reproduced from a recording medium in correspondence between a code train in the form of a run-length-limited code and the positions of the leading edge and the trailing edge data of a status transition pattern such as pits, recording domains, a sync signal is inserted at regular intervals in the information converted in the form of the run-length-limited code. The sync signal is constituted by a code train capable of deciding that the sync signal includes a code not existing in the conversion rule into a run-length-limited code during reproduction using a leading edge data or trailing edge data relative to the transition pattern.

Abstract: A tape loading mechanism used in a recording and reproducing apparatus for extracting a tape from a cassette and for winding it on a tape guide drum on which a rotating head for recording information on or reproducing information from the tape is mounted. A guide base, on which a group of guides for extracting the tape from the cassette are mounted, is rotatably supported by a shaft on a drive member that drives the guide base. An attitude control member is installed along the path of travel of the guide base to engage with the sides of the guide base to control the rotating angle of the latter.

Abstract: A half-tone color representation system suitable for use with a multi-color liquid crystal display panel, each display dot of which is constituted by three primary color pixels. More than eight different colors are represented with the three primary color pixels by providing a "half-tone" state of a pixel which is realized through successive ON-OFF controlling of the pixel. Flicker in the half-tone color representation of the display dot is reduced by causing the patterns or timings of successive ON-OFF controlling of the three primary color pixels to be different from one another.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image pickup apparatus and method and system for controlling the exposure of the image pickup apparatus. The image pickup apparatus includes a circuit for detecting a voltage corresponding to a current value of an iris, a circuit for generating a voltage corresponding to a desired iris value, a circuit for comparing the two voltages, and a circuit for controlling the iris based on the result of the comparison so as to keep the iris value at the desired value, in which the exposure start time of an image pick-up device is changed in an increment/decrement of one horizontal scanning period and/or in an increment/decrement of a period shorter than one horizontal scanning period to thereby make it possible to perform manual-iris mode automatic exposure control.

Abstract: A thermal transfer recording device including a thermal line head having heat generating elements thereon, a record paper in form of a roll of paper, a platen roller disposed in opposition to the thermal band, an ink jet sheet interposed between the platen roller and the thermal head and extending on opposite sides with respect to the platen roller, and at least a first record paper transport device disposed upstream in the transporting direction of the record paper with respect to the platen roller for at least feeding the record paper from the roll of paper toward the platen roller.

Abstract: A video camera apparatus including a control circuit for producing an inverse number of .alpha./.beta. as control data based on an inputted arbitrary zooming ratio of .beta./.alpha.; a sensor for outputting a sensor read signal which has been enlarged by arbitrary magnification in a vertical direction; a sensor drive circuit for driving said solid-state imaging element so as to output a sensor read signal which has been enlarged in the vertical direction by an arbitrary image enlarging magnification of .beta./.alpha.

Abstract: If information is to be recorded on and reproduced from a recording medium in correspondence between a code train in the form of a run-length-limited code and the positions of the leading edge and the trailing edge data of a status transition pattern such as pits, recording domains, a sync signal is inserted at regular intervals in the information converted in the form of the run-length-limited code. The sync signal is constituted by a code train capable of deciding that the sync signal includes a code not existing in the conversion rule into a run-length-limited code during reproduction using a leading edge data or trailing edge data relative to the transition pattern.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit capable of enlarging and displaying a picture and adapted for use in an apparatus in which a desired picture is selected, and a video signal representative of the desired picture under interlaced scanning is received, stored in a memory and processed to provide an enlarged video signal, includes a real signal/interpolated signal preparation circuit for preparing, from the stored video signal, new scanning lines for an image to be enlarged, and a memory processing circuit having switching control function to store an output signal of the real signal/interpolated signal preparation circuit in a memory, read the video signal out of the memory at a period different from a period at which the output signal is stored in the memory, and delay a read-out signal by one or more fields so that an enlarged signal is delivered.