Abstract: Phosphepinium Salts ThereofThe present invention relates to phosphonium salts of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which Ar--Ar is a biphenyl radical, a 1-phenylnaphthyl radical or a 1,1'-binaphthyl radical, each CH.sub.2 group is arranged in the ortho position to the Ar--Ar bond, R is F, an alkyl radical or an alkoxy radical respectively having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 0 to 4, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and, independently of each other, are an alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, or are a radical Ar.sup.1 --(R.sup.3).sub.m, where Ar.sup.1 is a phenyl or naphthyl radical, R.sup.3 is F, Cl, CF.sub.3, SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.3 Me (Me.dbd.Li, Na or K), a dialkylamino radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl radical or an alkoxy radical respectively having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and m is an integer from 0 to 5, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Water-soluble polysaccharides which containa) substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl and sulfoalkyl,b) N,N-disubstituted aminoalkyl groups,are prepared by alkylation of a polysaccharide in the presence of a base with one or more alkylation reagents, selected from the group consisting of compounds transferring alkyl groups, compounds transferring hydroxyalkyl groups, compounds transferring carboxyalkyl groups and compounds transferring sulfoalkyl groups, and also with an N,N-disubstituted amino-alkylsulfuric acid ester. The modified polysaccharides are used in paper production and waste-water purification and also in cosmetics.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrically conductive thermoplastic composite materials which have specific volume resistances of less than 10.sup.9 ohm cm and comprise 0.1 to 70% by volume of electrically conductive fibers impregnated with a thermoplastic elastomer, to a process for their preparation and to their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrophilic, highly swellable hydrogels which are coated with non-reactive, water-insoluble film-forming polymers.

Abstract: Phosphines of the formula (I) and the preparation of these phosphines ##STR1## where Ar--Ar is a biphenyl radical, a 1-phenylnaphthyl radical or a 1,1'-binaphthyl radical, the CH.sub.2 group and the CH.sub.3 radical are each in the ortho position to the Ar--Ar bond, R is F, an alkyl radical or alkoxy radical each having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 0 to 4, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another, are an alkyl radical having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, or a radical Ar.sup.1 -(R.sup.3).sub.m, where Ar.sup.1 is a phenyl or naphthyl radical, R.sup.3 is F, Cl, CF.sub.3, SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.3 Me (Me=Li, Na or K), a dialkylamino radical having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl radical or alkoxy radical each having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and m is an integer from 0 to 5, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the phosphorus atom form a 4-membered to 8-membered ring to which can be fused.

Abstract: The invention relates to an organometallic compound of the formula I, ##STR1## where M is a tetravalent metal, L are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a .pi. ligand, T are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a bridge and A are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a .pi. ligand or another electron donor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a catalyst system supported on a support. The catalyst system is built up from at least one catalyst and at least one cocatalyst. The catalyst and the cocatalyst supported on a support material are brought into contact in a suspension solution. The fixing of the catalyst to the support is carried out under the action of microwaves.

Abstract: Process for preparing alkanephosphonic anhydrides of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R is straight-chain or branched unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl and n.gtoreq.3, which comprises pyrolytically eliminating water from an alkanephosphonic acid of the formula (II) or a pyroalkanephosphonic acid of the formula (III) ##STR2## where R is straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, without addition of solvent and removing the water from the reaction mixture by means of an inert gas stream.

Abstract: Production of low-emission dispersion paints, coating materials and synthetic resin dispersion plasters in the form of aqueous preparations based on aqueous synthetic resin dispersion copolymers derived from olefinically unsaturated monomers, having a pigment volume concentration (PVC) of at least 60% and containing water, fillers, pigments, synthetic resin dispersion copolymers and conventional auxiliaries, wherein the synthetic resin dispersion copolymers have a content of 0.05 to 2% by weight of monomer units derived from special unsaturated hydrolyzable organic silicon compounds and the aqueous copolymer dispersions possess a minimum film-forming temperature (MFT) of <10.degree. C. preferably <5.degree. C.and especially <2.degree. C., the aqueous preparations according to the invention contain <0.1% by weight of volatile non-aqueous constituents, based on the total non-volatile part of the preparations, and the pH of the aqueous preparations is in the range from 5.5 to 10.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing monofunctional, bifunctional or polyfunctional aromatic olefins of the formula (I) ##STR1## by reaction of haloaromatics of the formula (II) ##STR2## with olefins of the formula (III) ##STR3## , wherein a palladium compound of the formula (IV) ##STR4## is used as the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing phosphorus-containing compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl radical, a cyclopentyl radical, an aryl radical or a halogen-, alkyl- or alkoxy-substituted aryl radical, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the phosphorus atom can also form a ring, n and m=0 or 1 and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or n=0, m=0 or 1 and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H, by adding compounds of the formula II ##STR2## into dialkyl esters of fumaric acid or of maleic acid of the formula (III) or dialkyl esters of itaconic acid of the formula (IV) ##STR3## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the meaning given above, and, optionally reacting an alkyl ester of a phosphorus-containing dicarboxylic acid of the formula (I), where n=0, with water in the presence of catalytic amounts of an acid to give the phosphorus-containing dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Polyurethane dispersions prepared by polymerization, initiated by free radicals, of polyurethane macromonomers containing carboxyl, phosphonic acid or sulfonic acid groups and lateral vinyl groups and optionally terminal vinyl, hydroxyl, urethane, thiourethane and/or urea groups.These polyurethane dispersions are suitable for the production of coatings on substrates, as adhesives or as binders in printing inks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an unbridged metallocene compound which is suitable for olefin polymerization.

Abstract: In the case of Ziegler catalysts based on a metallocene as the transition metal component and an aluminoxane as the activator, preactivation of the metallocene with the aluminoxane results in a considerable increase in the activity of the catalyst system. Furthermore, 1-olefin polymers of a high degree of isotacticity and having compact, spherical particles, a very narrow particle size distribution and a high bulk density are obtained by means of a catalyst system of this type.

Abstract: There is described a double-face circular knit comprising two concentric lengths of knit web and an in-between spacer structure, wherein the spacer threads are optionally textured coarse-filament multifilament yarns, optionally in combination with monofilaments, the distance between the two lengths of knit web is from 0.3 to 8 mm, the stitch density corresponds to a machine gauge from E 16 to E 32, and the density of the spacer threads is between 150 and 250 threads per cm.sup.2. Preferably all the yarns of the double-face circular knit are made of the same polymer.Also described are the production and use of this double-face circular knit.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-acylglycine derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## which comprises reacting a carboxylic acid amide with an aldehyde in the presence of a solvent and an acid to give an acylaminomethylol and then carbonylating the acylaminomethylol in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis-phosphepines of the formula (I): ##STR1## where: Ar--Ar is biphenyl, 1,1'-binaphthyl or 1-phenylnaphthyl,R.sup.1 independently of one another are F, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkyl or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkoxy,m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20)-alkyl, (C.sub.6 -C.sub.20)-aryl, (C.sub.7 -C.sub.20)-aralkyl, (C.sub.7 -C.sub.20)-alkaryl or (C.sub.3 -C.sub.20)-cycloalkyl andR.sup.4 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)-alkylene, it also being possible for the alkylene chain to contain oxygen atoms and N-alkyl groups, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.10)-cycloalkylene, (C.sub.8 -C.sub.22)-arylene-bisalkyl or (C.sub.6 -C.sub.10)-arylene,the group CR.sup.2 R.sup.3 always being adjacent to the Ar--Ar bond.The invention further relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I).

Abstract: A process for producing fibers or films by the steps of:a) preparing an aromatic polyamide by polycondensation of dicarbonyl dihalides or mixtures thereof with at least two diamines in N-alkyllactams as a solvent, the polycondensation being of at least 90 mol %, based on the total amount of dicarbonyl dihalides in the reaction mixture, of compounds of the formula I or mixtures of such compoundsHal--OC--Ar.sup.1 --CO--Hal (I)with at least 90 mol%, based on the total amount of diamines in the reaction mixture, of compounds of the formula II and optionally III or mixtures of such compoundsH.sub.2 N--Ar.sup.2 --NH.sub.2 (II), H.sub.2 N--Ar.sup.3 --NH.sub.2 (III)where Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.

Abstract: Cellulosic textiles are printed or dyed with multiple hook reactive dyes without fabric hand harshening on using a reactive dye preparation containing 0.5 to 10% by weight of a surfactant and 0 to 10% by weight of an antifoaming agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydroxycarboxanilides of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, halogen, a nitro group, a cyano group, a straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 1 to 12, by reacting a halocarboxanilide of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and n have the same meaning as in formula (1) and Hal is chlorine, bromine or iodine, with a basic compound in a solvent mixture comprising water and one or more polar aprotic solvents at a temperature of 40.degree. to 180.degree. C.