Abstract: In electrolytic coating of one side of a moving metal strip, the strip as cathode is in contact with a rotating roller and an insoluble anode is concentric with the roller at a distance from the strip so that a slot is formed in which the electrolytic coating takes place. The electrolyte flows through the slot at a sufficient average velocity that turbulent flow occurs and is fed from a nozzle into the slot with a tangential component opposite to the direction of travel of the strip at the end of the slot at which the strip axis. The conformation of the nozzle is substantially uniform across the whole width of the strip and the electrolyte is fed into the slot at a velocity that nowhere varies more than 10% from the said average velocity of the electrolyte.

Abstract: The method is to determine a leak in a breast wall of a regenerative heat recuperator having a combustion chamber and a heat storage chamber containing a heat storage medium adjacent to the combustion chamber and separated therefrom by a breast wall. The combustion chamber has inlet means for fuel and air and the heat storage chamber has outlet means for the flue gases which pass into it from the combustion chamber. To achieve a simple and accurate determination, the method comprises the steps of (i) while passing gas through the recuperator, introducing to the inlet means a marker gas which undergoes an irreversible change at a temperature prevailing in the recuperator, and (ii) detecting the presence of the marker gas in the gases passing out of the outlet means.

Abstract: A non-ageing low-alloy hot-rolled strip-form formable steel has a carbon content of between 0.02 and 0.10 wt. % and a thickness of between 0.5 and 5.0 mm. In order to bind N so as to achieve a non-ageing steel, while permitting direct entry of the steel to rolling from casting, the contents of titanium, nitrogen and sulphur in wt. % satisfy the conditions:Ti.gtoreq.2.28 NTi.ltoreq.3.43 N+1.5 Sand the steel is free from titanium carbide and niobium carbide and contains nitrogen in an amount of less than 0.007 wt. %.

Abstract: An upstanding collar is formed around a hole in a sheet metal blank by means of a converter tool which converts an edge region bordering the hole into the collar, while the blank is rotated relative to the converter tool. This method comprises (i) in a first stage, converting a portion of the blank into a first turned-up rim, (ii) after the first stage, converting a further portion of the blank into a second turned-up rim, (iii) in at least one further stage repeating step (ii) successively converting each time a further portion of the blank into another turned-up rim, until the whole of the edge region has been converted, wherein (a) in at least one of the stages the conversion takes place on free air, and (b) in all these stages the conversion takes place in the same direction relative to the blank. A converter tool increasing stepwise in diameter may be used.

Abstract: In a batch production of steel, a charge including solid scrap is loaded into an oxygen steel converter, the scrap is melted and the charge is refined in the converter by means of an oxygen blowing lance inserted into the converter through the converter mouth. To enable larger quantities, i.e. over 30% of scrap to be used, the solid scrap is heated by combustion of fuel in the converter using the oxygen blowing lance whose outlet is, at least initially, below the top level of the scrap in the converter, so that the combustion gases formed by the combustion of the fuel pass upwardly through the scrap.

Abstract: Apparatus for sorting metal bars by length, has a conveyor on which the bars are arranged longitudinally and conveys the bars both longitudinally and laterally. The conveyor has driven rollers contacted by the bars. A pick-up device picks up and conveys laterally, with respect to the conveyor, ends of bars having a predetermined length, thus preventing the longitudinal movement of such bars while bars not of the predetermined length are conveyed longitudinally at least partly past the pick-up device by the conveyor. To avoid increase capacity of the apparatus, and avoid wear, the rollers are obliquely positioned rollers whose axis of rotation is at a non-zero angle to the lateral direction of the conveyor, these rollers being, over at least part of their axial lengths, circular cylindrical in shape.

Abstract: For measuring the weight of a load of a load-carrier of at least one vehicle, which load-carrier is supported by at least one spring unit on a mobile substructure of the vehicle, weighing apparatus is provided with means for measuring the elastic deformation of the spring unit or units under the load. The measuring means includes a reference object mounted on the load-carrier. To avoid vulnerable equipment on the vehicle and to improve information obtained, the measuring means includes electrical observation means for non-contact observation of the position of the reference object. The electrical observation means being free of the vehicle.

Abstract: In the repair of a refractory lining of a shaft furnace having a steel shell, a worn residual refractory lining inside the shell and cooling plates extending through the shell into the refractory lining, the worn lining is retained and an additional lining structure is added by(a) forming a refractory concrete layer with a flat upper surface at a ring of said cooling plates,(b) building up on the flat upper surface a refractory brickwork of blocks which is self-supporting and which has recesses in which cooling plates are located with clearance, the blocks being selected in accordance with the amount of wear locally,(c) filling space between the brickwork and the residual lining with concrete, and(d) filling the clearance space between the brickwork and the cooling plates in the recesses with a thermally conductive rammed mass.

Abstract: In the rolling of a metal strip in a rolling mill which has a rolling mill train of one or more roll stands, before the metal strip enters the rolling mill train the roll stand are each given a presetting in accordance with a predicted necessary roll force F.sub.i during rolling in roll stand i, which rolling force F.sub.i is determined by the formula F.sub.i =K.sub.i *KSB.sub.i, in which K.sub.i is a multiplication factor and KSB.sub.i is the resistance to deformation of the metal strip during rolling through the roll stand i. To improve the average quality of the rolled product and to shorten the "learning" time when changing products, the resistance to deformation KSB.sub.i is chosen equal to an average rolling stress T for a strain E in the metal strip in roll stand i, the relationship between the rolling stress T and strain E during rolling being determined by the formula T=C.f(E,E.sub.c), in which C and E.sub.c have values dependent on the material of the strip, E.sub.c being a critical strain.

Abstract: Metal packaging can body, for use in forming a can by attachment of at least one lid, has a generally cylindrical body portion and a flanging rim which is intended for the subsequent attachment of the body portion to the lid. The flanging rim is at least partly of wall thickness greater than that of the body portion. To save material and costs, the flanging rim has at least one portion which decreases in wall thickness in the axial direction away from said body portion. The invention is especially applicable to deep-drawn and ironed products.

Abstract: In the electrolytic metal coating of a strip-shape metal substrate, the substrate is passed in a continuous process as cathode through an electrolytic coating apparatus having an insoluble anode, the cathode and anode being connected to an external voltage source so that metal ions are deposited onto the substrate from an acidic electrolyte between the cathode and anode. To increase the anode service life and reduce power consumption, a hydrogen-providing gas, e.g. molecular hydrogen, is fed to the anode and a catalyst is available at the anode, so that under the influence of the catalyst electrons and hydrogen ions are formed from said hydrogen-providing gas, the hydrogen ions passing into the electrolyte.

Abstract: In the manufacture of formable steel strip having a thickness between 0.5 and 1.5 mm, the following process steps are performed sequentially in a continuous process:(a) in a continuous casting machine forming liquid steel into a hot slab having a thickness of less than 100 mm,(b) hot rolling the hot slab from step (a), in the austenitic region and below 1100.degree. C., to form srip having a thickness of between 2 and 5 mm,(c) cooling the strip from step (b) to a temperature between 300.degree. C. and the temperature T.sub.t at which 75% of the steel is converted to ferrite,(d) rolling the cooled strip from sep (c) at said temperature between 300.degree. C. and T.sub.t with a thickness reduction of at least 25% at a rolling speed not more than 1000 m/min.,(e) coiling the rolled strip from step (d).

Abstract: In the wall ironing of a deep-drawn cylindrical body, two ironing ring die regions provide respectively immediately successive first and second thickness reduction phases which take place simultaneously with a relatively small reduction occurring in the first phase and a relatively large reduction occurring in the second phase. Lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the body via inlet between the two die regions. To achieve a high mount of reduction with low applied force, the annular space bounded by the contact regions of the body with said two die regions and the portion of the body located between said two contact regions is fluid-tightly sealed, apart from inlet or inlets for said lubricant, and said space is so shaped and the lubricant is applied through said inlet or inlets at such a pressure that at the second die region hydrodynamic lubrication of the body and die region is achieved.

Abstract: A ceramic gas burner for a combustion chamber of a hot-blast stove of a blast furnace has parallel vertical supply ducts for the two combustion components (gas and air). One duct opens upwardly at a first outlet opening which is rectangular in shape. The second duct opens at second outlet openings which are on each side of and above the first outlet opening and whose outflow directions are oblique to that of the first outlet opening. Recesses extend in each long side of the first opening towards the second openings. To improve the mixing of the two components, opposite each recess there is another such recess in the other long side of the opening.

Abstract: A method of removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by precoat vacuum filtration is characterized in that organic particles are present in the precoat which, when subjected to a specific precoat layer build-up test, have a layer thickness in the range 30-200 mm. The immersion depth of the drum during the filtering is more than 40% of the drum diameter. Improved filtering results. A method of testing a finely divided organic material in order to determine its suitability for precoat vacuum filtration is also disclosed.

Abstract: A ceramic burner for a hot blast stove, having a burner head where the combustion components mix and an air duct and a gas duct beneath the head for conducting combustion components to the head, the gas duct is within the air duct and is bounded by a wall. To prevent stresses due to differences of thermal expansion at least one horizontal sliding joint is arranged in the bounding wall of the gas duct closely under the burner head. The air duct is bounded by a brickwork wall which continues upwardly past the burner head and forms a combustion chamber. The burner head projects over and is supported by a shoulder in this wall and an essentially vertical expansion joint is located between the burner head and the wall.

Abstract: Blast furnace gas containing dust particles has the coarsest particles removed and the result wet scrubbed before being fed to a treatment apparatus for separating the remaining coarse dust, which has a low lead and zinc concentration. The gas dust is fed to a separator in the form of a thickener where coarse particles are removed through an outlet while the remaining gas dust is fed to a settling basin. This concentrates the dust particles before they are fed via pipe to a second separator having two hydrocyclones. Here the coarse particles are removed via pipe. The coarse particles from the outlet and pipe are suitable for feeding to a blast furnace as they are low in lead and zinc. The presence of the settling basin gives a more distinct separation if the dust particles by the hydrocyclones and the hydrocyclones can operate more efficiently.

Abstract: A bottom construction for a shaft furnace, has a plurality of horizontal layers of refractory material, and a gastight metal membrane located above at least the lowest layer of refractory material. So that the membrane is easily constructed, can accommodate thermal movements and has a level upper surface, the layer of refractory material immediately underneath the metal membrane is formed of blocks and has a level top surface and the metal membrane is formed of loosely laid, mutually abutting metal plates which are stacked in at least three layers. The pattern of the joints of the plates of each of these three layers is offset, as seen in plan view, with respect to the pattern of the joints of both the other two layers. The plates may be copper sheets. The membrane may have a peripheral flange cemented in a slot at the furnace wall.

Abstract: Steel sheet manufactured from Al-killed continuous cast carbon-manganese steel and having a hardness in the range 57 to 73 HR30T is characterized by a content of 0.03 to 0.10% by weight C and 0.15 to 0.50% by weight Mn, and an amount Z in ppm of dissolved uncombined nitrogen given byZ.gtoreq.2.5.times.(H-55)where H is the hardness (HR30T). In this way, hard sheet is obtained at low Mn and C contents. In manufacture of the sheet, the thickness reduction in skin-passing is dependent on the uncombined nitrogen content and an aging by heat treatment is performed after skin-passing.

Abstract: A stopper for a tap hole of a steel converter has a plug which can at least partly be fitted into the tap hole, and holding means for holding the plug in place in the tap hole. To avoid entry of slag into the tap hole, even on initial tipping, the plug is substantially cylindrical in shape and can be moved along the whole length of the tap hole. The holding means are adapted to lose their holding action when the stopper is subjected to the heat of the molten steel upon tipping of the converter.