Abstract: To Provide a polarizing glass with better weatherability than conventional polarizing glasses, affording high long-term reliability without the above-described surface deterioration. To provide an optical isolator employing polarizing glass of improved weatherability, affording good weatherability and high reliability for extended periods. A polarizing glass comprising geometrically anisotropic particles dispersed in an oriented manner in at least one surface layer of a glass base body. The glass base body does not comprise an oxide of alkali earth metal and PbO, and consists of borosilicate glass comprising at least one additive component selected from the group consisting of Y2O3, ZrO2, La2O3, Ce O2, Ce2O3, Ti O2, V2O5, Ta2O5, WO3, and Nb2O5, and the geometrically anisotropic metal particles are metallic cupper particles. An optical isolator employing the polarizing glass.

Abstract: The near-field extinction ratio of a polarizing glass is increased. A polarizing glass contains anisotropically shaped metal particles oriented and dispersed in a glass substrate, which contains 0.40-0.85 wt % Cl relative to the entire glass substrate. The Vickers hardness ranges from 360 to 420, the Knoop hardness number ranges from 400 to 495, or the glass substrate contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of Y2O3, La2O3, V2O3, Ta2O3, WO3, and Nb2O5. The content of each of the selected components ranges from 0.05-4 mole percent, and if a plurality of the components are selected, the total content of the components is 6 mole percent or less.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes fine metal particles formed in numerous regions that were occupied by respective substantially needle-like metal halide fine particles before reduction that are oriented and dispersed in a glass substrate such that the lengthwise directions thereof are almost the same, the fine metal particles being produced by heat-treating the glass substrate in a reducing atmosphere to reduce the substantially needle-like metal halide fine particles. The number of fine metal particles present in at least some of the numerous regions is two or more in each region, 90% or more of the regions each have a volume of 2,500 to 2,500,000 nm3, and the individual volumes of the fine metal particles present in each region are 4 to 40% of the volume of the region in 90% or more of the total number of the regions.

Abstract: A polarizing glass includes shape-anisotropic metal particles oriented and dispersed in a glass substrate, the concentration of the metal particles having a distribution in which in the travel direction of light in which a polarizing function is exhibited, the concentration is substantially zero near one of the surfaces of the glass substrate and near the other surface, gradually increases from one of the surfaces of the glass substrate to the other surface, becomes a value within a predetermined range in the glass substrate, and then gradually decreases toward the other surface.

Abstract: A discharge lamp (10) has a fixing base (20) on one end. In some embodiments, the fixing base comprises a cylindrical first body portion (21) having a pair of notches (21H), a cylindrical second body portion being larger than the diameter of the first body portion and having a joint (23H), and a groove portion (25) formed in between the first and second body portion and having an equal or less diameter of a space of the pair of notches. A first body portion and a stepped surface (21B) of the groove portion is contacted to a base surface of a lamp holder (50) when the fixing base is inserted to the lamp holder.

Abstract: A polarizing glass includes shape-anisotropic metal particles oriented and dispersed in a glass substrate, the concentration of the metal particles having a distribution in which in the travel direction of light in which a polarizing function is exhibited, the concentration is substantially zero near one of the surfaces of the glass substrate and near the other surface, gradually increases from one of the surfaces of the glass substrate to the other surface, becomes a value within a predetermined range in the glass substrate, and then gradually decreases toward the other surface.

Abstract: UV-resistant materials are disclosed that include at least one self-supporting film of UV-resistant clay particles and that are substantially non-reactive to incident UV radiation. An exemplary material is substantially non-transmissive to at least one UV wavelength of less than 300 nm, can include a polymeric material for enhanced flexibility, and can include an additive that is non-transmissive to at least one UV wavelength of greater than 300 nm. The material can be multiple layers of respective clay films. The materials can be used to form UV-resistant devices such as seals, mounting cushions, and light-shields for use in any of various UV-illumination sources and process systems. An example UV-illumination source is an excimer laser. An example system is a light-CVD system.

Abstract: To Provide a polarizing glass with better weatherability than conventional polarizing glasses, affording high long-term reliability without the above-described surface deterioration. To provide an optical isolator employing polarizing glass of improved weatherability, affording good weatherability and high reliability for extended periods. [Means for Solving] A polarizing glass comprising geometrically anisotropic particles dispersed in an oriented manner in at least one surface layer of a glass base body. The glass base body does not comprise an oxide of alkali earth metal and PbO, and consists of borosilicate glass comprising at least one additive component selected from the group consisting of Y2O3, ZrO2, La2O3, CeO2, Ce2O3, TiO2, V2O5, Ta2O5, WO3, and Nb2O5, and the geometrically anisotropic metal particles are metallic cupper particles. An optical isolator employing the polarizing glass.

Abstract: A discharge lamp (10) has a fixing base (20) on one end. In some embodiments, the fixing base comprises a cylindrical first body portion (21) having a pair of notches (21H), a cylindrical second body portion being larger than the diameter of the first body portion and having a joint (23H), and a groove portion (25) formed in between the first and second body portion and having an equal or less diameter of a space of the pair of notches. A first body portion and a stepped surface (21B) of the groove portion is contacted to a base surface of a lamp holder (50) when the fixing base is inserted to the lamp holder.

Abstract: The invention provides an excimer lamp apparatus that has advanced start-up properties, in terms of start-up time and start-up stability, in the presence of voltage variations, without any trigger electrode, by arranging a pair of electrodes along the entire length of a discharge container. An ultra-violet emitter is arranged to irradiate discharge gas in the discharge container with ultra-violet light, and the excimer lamp is started up by means of exposure with ultra-violet light from the ultra-violet emitting unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photocatalytic filter which can fully secure a space of gaps to constitute a flow path for flowing a fluid to be disposed of and which has gaps structured for easily trapping an organic substance in the fluid when the fluid is brought into contact with a photocatalyst layer.

Abstract: Light-transmittable linear photocatalytic filter material that can be arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction without causing a filter to have the form of a barrel when the filter is made of a bundle of a number of such photocatalytic filter materials, each comprising a light-transmittable linear material, a number of particulate materials bonded to an outer side surface of the light-transmittable linear material and a photocatalyst layer formed on said outer side surface and said number of particulate materials, wherein a maximum value of heights from said outer side surface to said photocatalyst layer in a central region of said light-transmittable linear material in the longitudinal direction is smaller than a maximum value of heights from said outer side surface to said photocatalyst layer in regions of both ends thereof.

Abstract: Light-leakage type photocatalyst fibers (10) are bundled together to form a filter assembly having an enormous number of minute gaps which provide fluid communication paths in a longitudinal direction of the photocatalyst fibers. Light is incident to each of the photocatalyst fibers constituting the filter assembly while an object fluid to be processed is introduced through an end face of the filter assembly to pass through the gaps among the photocatalyst fibers in the longitudinal direction.