Abstract: Bases and organic acids are simultaneously separated from aqueous solutions comprising bases and organic acids by electrochemically treating aqueous solutions containing these components, particularly the aqueous waste solution obtained from an aldolization reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of salts of cyclic amidines of the general formula (I) The processes described hitherto as prior art enable salts of the compound (I) to be produced only at low yields. As a result of protecting &ohgr;-amino-&agr;-amino acids selectively at the &ohgr;-amino function, oxidative decarboxylation of the latter protected compounds by means of halogen derivatives, and subsequent cyclisation of the oxidatively decarboxylated substances with the addition of acid, according to the invention salts of the compound (I) are achieved in better yields.

Abstract: A shaped, activated, fixed-bed Raney metal catalyst prepared by a method comprising preparing a mixture of powders comprising at least one catalyst alloy of (1) at least one catalytically active Raney process metal, a leachable alloy component and optionally a promoter, (2) at least one binder containing at least one pure Raney metal and (3) a moistening agent. Shaping, calcining and activating said catalyst and doping said catalyst with rhenium.

Abstract: A multilayer plastic pipe having strong bonding between the layers has at least one layer I of a polyolefin molding composition comprising a polyolefin, at least one layer II of a polyester molding composition, and at least one layer III of an adhesion promoter containing reactive groups and located between layers I and II. The polyester molding composition of layer II comprises a polyester and one or more compounds selected from a compound having two or more carbodiimide groups, carboxylic anhydride groups, maleimide groups or oxazine groups.

Abstract: Transition metals may be recovered from a salt-containing mixture containing at least one transition metal compound, salts, and organic compounds by separating from the salt-containing mixture a mixture of the transition metal compound and the salts. This mixture, together with any organic impurities, is introduced into a combustion zone, and the flue gas/salt mixture leaving the combustion zone is quenched with water. The combustion residue, containing the transition metal, is separated from the resulting quench solution, dried, and converted to fresh catalyst.

Abstract: A reinforced molding material having high tensile strength comprising: (a) from 0 to 98 parts by weight of one or more thermoplastics, (b) from 2 to 100 parts by weight of a substantially amorphous polyolefin which has been subjected to free radical grafting with a silane which has at least one olefinic double bond and one to three alkoxy groups bonded directly to the silicon, this grafted polyolefin having a melt viscosity at 190° C. In the range from 100 to 50,000 maps and the parts by weight of (a) and (b) sunning to 100, and (c) from 0.5 to 400 parts by weight of a reinforcing material. The molding material can be used, inter alia, for shaped articles, as hotmelt adhesives or for heavy-duty carpet backing materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating organic acids from aqueous solutions by the use of electrochemical processes such as electrolysis and electrodialysis. These processes can be used, for example, to purify aqueous solutions produced in aldol condensation processes.

Abstract: An element for the absorption of energy which contains reinforcing elements which extend at least partially in the direction of compression to which the element is subjected, wherein the reinforcing elements within the element are encircled by plastic foam particles glued or welded to one another, said reinforcing elements at least partially taking up the compressive force whereby they buckle in on overshoot of a compression of at most 20% with respect to their length in the direction of compression.

Abstract: A process for the removal of ethers and/or PAH's from water, such as contaminated groundwater, is provided that proceeds by initially separating off solid constituents and then adsorbing ethers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to an adsorber resin, then, as needed, desorbing the adsorbed compounds with steam and regenerating the adsorber resin with an acid, to provide purification of highly polluted groundwater to such a substantial extent that the groundwater can be added to flowing surface waters without problem, and, if desired, used as cooling water or, after further biological purification, as drinking water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the C-alkylation of dialkyl malonates, in which a dialkyl malonate is reacted with an alkyl halide in the presence of potassium carbonate as a hydrogen halide acceptor in an inert solvent, and a phase-transfer catalyst is not added until from 50 to 80% of the dialkyl malonate has reacted. The phase-transfer catalyst may be, for example, a tetraalkylammonium salt or a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, a tetraalkylphosphonium salt or a tetraalkylphosphonium hydroxide or a crown ether.

Abstract: Solid polyurethane hardeners (curing agents) having triazine groups, are prepared by reacting polyaddition compounds with a second compound having a >C═N— group. The polyaddition compounds are prepared by reacting a uretdione-functional polyisocyanate with a hydroxy-functional chain extender.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable composition of water-soluble organosiloxanes obtained by reacting a) a water-soluble amino-functional alkoxysilane with at least one water-insoluble alkenyl-functional alkoxysilane b) by adding water to form a mixture, and c) removing the alcohol formed during step b) from the mixture, where the amino-functional alkoxysilane and the water are used in the reaction at least in amounts such that substantially all of the alkoxy groups of the water-insoluble silane can react and such that when a resulting composition is diluted with water, essentially no alcohol is liberated by hydrolysis, and the composition, during an/or after the reaction, has a pH of from 2 to 6, the pH being preferably adjusted by adding an organic or inorganic, optionally aqueous, acid. In addition, the present invention discloses a process for the preparation of such a composition and also its use.

Abstract: Fluoroalkyl organosilicon compounds are prepared by reacting fluoroolefins with organosilicon compounds that contain at least one H-Si group, in the presence of a Pt(0) complex catalyst. Further, fluoroalkylalkoxy organosilicon compounds are prepared by esterifying fluoroalkyl organosilicon compounds. The process proceeds uniformly under mild conditions with high yields and selectivities.

Abstract: An oligomerized polyorganosiloxane cocondensate which may be obtained, in part, by mixing an water-soluble amino-functional organosilane represented with at least one of the followoing: a fluoro-functional organosilane, an organosilane, and an organosilane. The cocondensate may be used, for example, in a method of treating surfaces.

Abstract: Inversion carbon blacks and a method for their manufacture are disclosed. The inversion carbon blacks have a lower rolling resistance with identical or improved wet skid behavior. The particle size distribution contains a smaller proportion of particles with large diameters. This leads to an improved abrasion behavior of rubber compounds which were prepared using these carbon blacks. The inversion carbon blacks can be manufactured in conventional carbon black reactors by controlling the combustion in the combustion chamber in such a manner that carbon black nuclei form, which are immediately brought into contact with the carbon black raw material. The carbon blacks present a lower proportion of larger particles if the additions of combustion air and carbon black raw material are increased in an appropriate manner.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing bioactive, covalently fixed coatings on the surfaces of substrates, by grafting to a surface of the substrate a coating polymer which contains the following monomers in copolymerized form: (i) at least one monomer of the general formula: R—(A)a  (I), in which R is a mono- or diolefinically unsaturated organic radical having a valence a, A is a carboxyl group, a sulfuric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphorous acid group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, or a salt of one of these acid groups, and a is 1, 2 or 3; and (ii) at least one monomer which is sensitive to UV radiation.

Abstract: 2-Hydroxybenzonitrile is prepared by passing 2-hydroxybenzamide in the gas phase over a heterogeneous catalyst thereby effecting dehydration of the 2-hydroxybenzamide to produce 2-hydroxybenzonitrile.

Abstract: A process for producing shaped articles are prepared by a process comprising selectively laser sintering a nylon-12 pulverulent material having the following characteristics: Melting point 185-189° C. Enthalpy of fusion 112 ± 17 J/g Solidification point 138-143° C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of guanine, by reacting 2,4-diamino-5-formylamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAFHP) with formic acid, in the absence of formalize. The process may be conducted with the addition of water and at reflux temperature.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of 3-halopropylorganosilanes of the general structure RbH3-a-bXaSiCH2CH2CH2Y  (III), where: R is CH3, C2H5, C3H7, OCH3, OC2H5 or OC3H7, X is F, Cl, Br or I, Y is F, Cl, Br or I, and a and b are each one of the numbers 0, 1, 2 or 3 and the sum a+b is 1, 2 or 3, comprising reacting, as starting materials, an allyl halide with a silane carrying at least one H atom, wherein the starting materials are present in stoichiometric amounts or one of the starting materials is present in substoichiometric amounts, wherein the reaction carried out is a partial reaction of from 10% to 80%, on a molar basis, of the starting materials, based on either material, when both are present in stoichiometric amounts, or based on the substoichiometric material.