Abstract: A graphitization furnace with a rapid active cooling system is disclosed, including a furnace body and an active cooling system. The active cooling system is provided with at least one medium loop unit and a control unit for controlling a flow velocity of a medium in the medium loop unit, each medium loop unit includes a plurality of heat removal pipes pre-embedded in a furnace cavity of the furnace body, and each heat removal pipe is provided with a medium flow channel communicated with the medium loop unit. The graphitization furnace with a rapid active cooling system can realize rapid active cooling, short turnover time and high energy utilization efficiency of the graphitization furnace, and has wide applicability, which is not only suitable for construction of a new graphitization furnace, but also suitable for transformation of the existing Acheson graphitization furnace.