Abstract: A capacitive proximity switch which may be used as an actuating device for a variety of control applications, such as windshield wipers and door locks. According to the invention, the actuating element a contact or proximity switch to be actuated in a nonmechanical manner, and a sensor provided on an object being made as part of a capacitive proximity switch, specifically as an operating electrode of the capacitive proximity switch.

Abstract: Disclosed in a heat transmission monitoring and/or measuring apparatus, namely a flow measurement apparatus, for flowing mediums. It comprises a housing (1), a heating element (2) and a temperature measurement element (3). According to the invention, relatively high sensititivity and relatively high reaction speed is obtained by designing the heating element (2) and temperature measurement element (3) as pins.

Abstract: An electronic switching device which can be connected via an outside conductor to one pole of a voltage source and only via one other outside conductor to a terminal of a consumer, in which the other terminal of the consumer can be connected to the other pole of the voltage source, therefore a two-wire switching device, with a proximity indicator (1) which can be influenced from the outside, with an electronic switch (3), which can be controlled by the proximity indicator (1) via a switching amplifier (2), and with operating voltage supply circuit (4) for making available the operating voltage required by proximity indicator (1), and optionally by the switching amplifier (2) (=internal operating voltage), the operating voltage supply circuit (4) an having in-phase regulator (5) and proximity indicator (1) and the switching amplifier (2) being connected to the output of the in-phase regulator (5).

Abstract: A process for monitoring the flow of flowing media, especially for acquiring the heat transport capacity of the flowing medium, in which a measurement signal of a temperature measurement element influenced by at least one heating element and the medium flowing past it is monitored and in which an output signal is generated when the measurement signal of the temperature measurement element exceeds or falls below a switching point. A reduction of the reaction time of the process for monitoring the flow of flowing media is guaranteed by the heat output of the heating element and/or the location of the switching point changing as a function of the output signal.

Abstract: A calibration process for setting the switching point of a sensor which produces an output signal depending on whether a switching point has been exceeded or has not been reached by a sensor signal produced by a condition being sensed exceeds the switching point, and in which the value of the switching point is determined using the values of the sensor signal in the uninfluenced and in the influenced state. Operating reliability of the sensor is improved by determining the location of the switching point during the calibration process under the condition of essentially identical operating reserves of the sensor in the uninfluenced and in the influenced state.

Abstract: A process and a device for increasing interference suppression, especially in optical proximity switches, with an optical transmitter emitting an optical pulse train (1), an optical receiver emitting a measuring signal (2) and a control and evaluation unit controlling the optical transmitter and evaluating measuring signal (2), in which the measuring signal (2) of the optical receiver includes a superposition of a constantly emitted interference background (4) and a measuring pulse (6) emitted when receiving an optical pulse (5), and in which the measuring signal (2) of the optical receiver is evaluated by the control and evaluation unit in a signal interval (8) during a measuring pulse (6) and in at least one background interval (9) outside measuring pulse (6). The increase of the interference suppression is assured in that the evaluation is interrupted by gaps (11, 12) before and after the signal intervals (8) or background intervals (9).

Abstract: A built-in plug with a grounding wire contact pin (3) is located on and projects from a plug side of a plug housing (2), and is designed for connection to an electrically conductive housing (5) of a part (6) into which the plug is to be incorporated. To make available a built-in plug which essentially corresponds to the current safety standard, and which therefore has the required creepage distances and clearances, it is provided that grounding wire contact pin (3) is electrically connected to a grounding wire element (9) which is routed to an outer surface (8) of the plug housing (2) and which is used for contacting the conductive housing (5) of part (6) into which the plug is to be incorporated.

Abstract: An electronic switching device such as an inductive proximity switch includes an externally influenced oscillator detector with its output connected to a switching amplifier. An electronic switch connected to the output of the switching amplifier responds to the amplifier signal and controls a state indicator. Upon the influence state of the detector crossing a predetermined threshold, the switching state of the electronic switch is reversed, and the detection state of the oscillator is reflected in switching states of the electronic switch and indicated by the state indicator. A second state indicator indicates whether or not the reading from the oscillator is in a "safe range" in which variations in ambient conditions cannot cause a false reading.

Abstract: The circuit arrangement has a plurality of comparators (3, 4, 5) and the measuring voltage on the one hand and different reference voltages on the other hand are present at the inputs (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) of the comparators, and the outputs (14, 15, 16) of the comparators (3, 4, 5) contain the measurement signal. Less effort than that in accordance with the state of the art is required in that the reference voltage for the second comparator (4) is controllable with the aid of the output signal of the first comparator (3) and that the reference voltage for the third comparator (5) is controllable with the aid of the output signal of the second comparator (4), and that the measurement signal can be represented with the aid of the total of all output signals of all comparators (3, 4, 5).

Abstract: An electronic switchgear operating contact-free, having a presence indicator which can be externally affected, a switching amplifier disposed downstream of the presence indicator an electronic switch controllable by the presence indicator via the switching amplifier a supply circuit for the provision of the supply voltage for the presence indicator and for the switching amplifier and a delay circuit preventing activating pulses. The supply circuit has a voltage and/or current regulator. In the electronic switchgear in accordance with the invention activating pulses are prevented with a higher degree of assurance than in the state of the art, namely based on the fact that the delay circuit becomes active, i.e. the delay time starts, only after the voltage and/or current regulator has started to operate.

Abstract: A contact-free operating electronic switchgear, having an oscillator capable of being externally affected, a switching amplifier with at least two operating units disposed downstream of the oscillator, an electronic switch, which can be controlled by the oscillator via the switching amplifier, and a supply circuit for the provision of the supply voltage for the oscillator and for the switching amplifier, is shown and described. In electronic switchgear operating contact-free in accordance with the invention the maximum switching frequency is considerably increased in that a control circuit is provided between the two operating units of the switching amplifier and the oscillator and that the oscillator is controlled by means of the control circuit in such a way that the oscillator also oscillates in the affected state.

Abstract: A proximity switch or contactless switch circuit comprises within a casing a flexible insulating carrier provided along a component side with a multiplicity of electronic components connected by conductive strips to form the contactless or proximity switch circuit. An extension of the carrier or the opposite side of the carrier are provided with continuous conductive coatings so that when the carrier is folded or rolled within the casing, a portion of the carrier strip provided with the coating or layer forms an additional shield.

Abstract: A contactless motion detector, specifically an oscillator whose signal amplitude is attenuated or enhanced by the approach of a monitored metallic element, is periodically switched for brief periods into its alternate state by a train of short test pulses giving rise to corresponding checking pulses that are superimposed upon the integrated output voltage of the oscillator whereby that voltage is intermittently increased when at low level and/or intermittently reduced when at high level. These checking pulses, whether of the voltage-increasing or the voltage-reducing kind, are integrated to provide an enabling signal allowing a controlled load to be energized or de-energized according to the mean value of the output voltage; an absence of the enabling signal indicates a malfunction.

Abstract: Electrical components of an electronic switching device, such as a motion sensor of a monitoring system, are mounted on a dielectric carrier film covering opposite surfaces of a flat non-conductive support. The several components, disposed on the outer surfaces of the carrier film, are electrically interconnected by leads in the form of conductor strips on the inner film surfaces. A coil constituting such a component is embedded in a ferrite pot which is pasted onto an extension of the film and has a central pin with an end insertable into an aperture in an edge of the flat support after that extension is bent around the edge. The surfaces of the support may be pitted to provide recesses for an adhesive designed to bond that support to the film.

Abstract: A contactless motion detector, including an oscillator sensitive to an approaching metallic element, includes an electronic switch such as a thyristor triggerable by an output signal from a demodulator comprising a storage capacitor which is alternately chargeable and dischargeable, preferably with constant current, during each cycle of a high-frequency voltage generated by the oscillator. The oscillator voltage is compared with a reference voltage by means of a differential amplifier causing the flow of a charging current into the capacitor when the oscillator voltage exceeds the reference voltage whereas a discharging current flows out of that capacitor in the opposite case. The reference voltage is so chosen that the capacitor charge rises in the course of a few cycles above a predetermined threshold when the oscillator voltage is high but remains below that threshold when it is low.