Abstract: A PUF apparatus comprises: a PUF cell array in which a plurality of PUF cells are arranged each including a FeFET pair whose gates are commonly connected to a corresponding word line among a plurality of word lines, and whose drains and sources are connected to a corresponding bit line pair and a corresponding source line pair among a plurality of bit line pairs and a plurality of source line pairs running in a direction crossing the plurality of word lines; and a read-write-back block which is activated according to a read enable signal, and senses and amplifies a voltage difference occurring in a corresponding bit line pair among the plurality of bit line pairs according to the difference in driving strength due to a deviation in a manufacturing process of the FeFET pair in the PUF cell selected by a selected word line among the plurality of word lines.

Abstract: A method for preparing a hydrogel that reversibly changes color depending on pH includes: (S10) dissolving a carboxyl group-containing polysaccharide in buffer to obtain a polysaccharide solution; (S20) adding a cross-linker solution composed of a mixture of an organic solvent and a cross-linker to the polysaccharide solution; (S30) adding, to the cross-linker-containing polysaccharide solution resulting from step (S20), an organic solution composed of a mixture of an organic solvent and a first organic compound containing an aromatic functional group having at least one hydroxyl group bonded thereto, to form a mixture solution, and allowing the mixture solution to react; (S40) obtaining a polymer complex from the reaction mixture resulting from step (S30); and (S50) mixing the polymer complex from step (S40) with an organic dye comprising a second organic compound containing an aromatic functional group having at least one hydroxyl group bonded thereto.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure include: performing Fourier transform with respect to a plurality of modulation signals; dividing the plurality of transformed signals into at least two groups; generating FBMC symbols corresponding to the groups; transmitting the FBMC symbols.

Abstract: Provided are a method for patterning a mesoporous inorganic oxide film, the method including a step of forming a mesoporous inorganic oxide film using a composition containing inorganic oxide particles; and a step of forming a pattern on the mesoporous inorganic oxide film using an elastic stamp for pattern formation, and then calcining the mesoporous inorganic oxide, and an electronic device including a mesoporous inorganic oxide film that has been patterned by the patterning method.

Abstract: A method of reforming a heavy hydrocarbon distillate, which includes treating a heavy hydrocarbon distillate and a lignocellulosic biomass with a solvent, is provided. The method can be useful in maximizing conversion of the heavy hydrocarbon distillate into higher value-added distillate, for example, naphtha and a middle distillate, and allowing a sulfur compound produced by the decomposition of a heavy hydrocarbon distillate to catalyze pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass. Also, oxygen, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid, formic acid, and sulfuric acid produced by decomposition of the lignocellulosic biomass can catalyze decomposition of a heavy hydrocarbon distillate and lignocellulosic biomass, thereby activating decomposition of a heavy hydrocarbon distillate.

Abstract: The inventive concept relates to a CMOS image sensor and an operating method of the CMOS image sensor. The operating method according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes generating photoelectrons at a photo sensor element during a first time; generating photoelectrons at the photo sensor element during a second time shorter than the first time; and sensing the photoelectrons generated at the photo sensor element. A gate voltage of a transfer transistor connected to the photo sensor element is set differently at the first time and the second time. With an embodiment of the inventive concept, a dynamic range of the CMOS image sensor increases.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing antireflective coating for solar cell having a moth-eye structure and a solar cell including the same are provided to greatly reduce reflectivity by forming an antireflective coating layer having a moth-eye structure on an upper electrode layer of the solar cell using a bottom-up method. A bottom electrode layer is formed on a substrate. A photoreactive layer is formed on the bottom electrode layer. The photoreactive layer is made of CIS (Copper, Indium, Selenide) materials. A buffer layer is formed on the photoreactive layer. A ZnO layer is formed on the buffer layer. A top electrode layer is formed on the ZnO layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a silicon layer according to inventive concept comprises: preparing an SOI substrate; applying an etchant or vapor of the etchant to the SOI substrate; and irradiating a light to the SOI substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for data communication in a radio network, including calculating an expected value of transmission efficiency of a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol and an expected value of transmission efficiency of a Slotted ALOHA protocol, comparing the two expected values, switching a mode into the mode of the protocol having the larger expected value from among the expected value of transmission efficiency of the CSMA/CA protocol and the expected value of transmission efficiency of Slotted ALOHA protocol, and broadcasting, to stations (STAs), a message for indicating the STAs to switch a protocol into the protocol having the larger expected value of transmission efficiency, and transmitting data by using the protocol having the larger expected value of transmission efficiency.

Abstract: A method for patterning nanowires on a substrate. The method includes procedures of preparing a substrate having a patterned sacrificial layer of barium fluoride thereon; growing nanowires on an entire surface of the resultant substrate including the patterned sacrificial layer; and removing the patterned sacrificial layer using a solvent to remove part of the nanowires on the patterned sacrificial layer such that part of the nanowires in direct contact with the substrate remains on the substrate to thereby form a nanowire pattern.

Abstract: Provided are a composition for an oxide semiconductor, a preparation method of the composition, a method for forming an oxide semiconductor thin film using the composition, and a method for forming an electronic device using the composition. The composition for an oxide semiconductor includes a compound for an oxide thin film and a stabilizer for adjusting conductivity of the oxide thin film. The stabilizer is included with the mole number of two to twelve times larger than the total mole number of the compound.

Abstract: A relay station, including a delay information storage unit to store remaining delay information generated in a path from a target relay node to a destination node; an order determination unit to determine an order of processing service packets with a plurality of quality of service (QoS) levels using the remaining delay information, the service packets being received from a neighbor node; and a processing unit to process the service packets in the determined order.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole compound inducing differentiation of myoblasts or muscle fibers into neuron cells, a pharmaceutical composition including said compound, a method of inducing neuron cells differentiation and a screening method for identifying additional compound useful for inducing neuron cells differentiation. More specifically, it relates to 2-{2-[5-(3-chlorophenyl)]furanyl}-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole that induces differentiation of myoblasts or muscle fibers into neuron cells, all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition including said compound, a method of inducing neuron cells differentiation and a screening method for identifying additional compound useful for inducing neuron cells differentiation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are hollow microneedles and a fabrication method thereof. The microneedles are small in diameter and are long and hard enough to pass through the stratum corneum. Therefore, the hollow microneedle of the present invention can be used in blood sampling or drug injection through the skin.