Abstract: A network device for transmitting data of a host system to a network including a buffer for storing the data, a first transmission interface providing a control signal to the host system, and a second transmission interface coupled to the buffer for transmitting the data from the buffer to the network. A data transmission method of the network device includes the following steps: providing a network device and a host system, wherein the network device is providing a control signal to the host system, and the network device immediately activates a frame transmission procedure after providing the control signal; the host system starting to transmit data to the network device after the host system receives the control signal; and the network device transmitting the data to the network after a frame transmission pre-procedure is finished and when the data of the host system are completely transmitted to the network device.

Abstract: A level shifter has a current mirror and a set of oppositely driven NMOS switch. A voltage holding module is added to help an output of the level shifter to work with a full-swing fashion. Additionally, a DC current switch is used to eliminate a DC current.

Abstract: In the invention, a simple and robust method for clock offset compensation is proposed using an equalizer with time-varying signal windowing for which the timing information needed is obtained by an existing non-data-aided (NDA) timing estimator. Instead of interpolating the received signal, the proposed method compensates clock offset by using a moving signal window for equalizer. Since no interpolation is needed, the timing information required for the proposed method need not be so accurate as required for interpolation methods. Rather than the exact time drift due to clock offset, the proposed method requires only the timing points where the time drift accumulates to a pre-defined threshold. By applying an existing non-data-aided (NDA) timing estimator, the needed timing information can be obtained easily. Moreover, thanks to robustness of the NDA timing estimator, the proposed method is inherently robust and simple in implementation.