Abstract: A magnetic medical treatment device and method wherein a coil received in a housing is energized with a periodic current of a predetermined frequency furnished from a power supply accommodated in the housing or disposed separately outside thereof to produce a corresponding, time-varying periodic magnetic field through the coil. A stylus formed of magnetically permeable material and electromagnetically associated with the coil means is positioned in engagement with a preselected surface zone of the body surface of an individual (patient) to selectively apply the magnetic flux to the surface zone.

Abstract: An improved method of preparing a frictional material is disclosed wherein a magnetic material is mixed in a preselected proportion with a polymeric or resinous frictional substance, the mixture while in an external magnetic field of a predetermined orientation being formed to yield the frictional material acquiring a frictional anisotropy.

Abstract: A new machine for shredding a scrap material such as waste paper, cutter disks for particular use in shredding machine and a method of making cutter disks are disclosed. The life of the cutter disks is markedly increased and the performance of the shredding machine is improved by spark-depositing a wear-resistant material on the peripheral surface and side surfaces of each cutter disk. A layer of the spark-deposit on the peripheral surface should preferably be greater in thickness and unevenness than a layer of the spark-deposit on the side surfaces.

Abstract: A method of plating a pattern of metal (e.g. copper or nickel) on a dielectric surface, i.e. surface of a dielectric material such as a synthetic resin or ceramic. The method comprises the preliminary step of masklessly treating the dielectric surface to selectively activate preselected areas thereof so that the dielectric surface in contact with a priming solution becomes catalytic, and thereby receptive to electroless metal deposition, selectively at those areas. The treated dielectric surface is contacted with an electroless plating solution to allow metal therefrom to auto-reductively deposit selectively at those catalized areas, thereby forming the pattern of metal desired on the dielectric surface.

Abstract: An apparatus in which a wire electrode is pulled off a supply reel, passes through a predetermined path, is led to the machining portion of a work piece to cut the work piece, there-after, the wire electrode is turned back, is returned along the path it has come to the machining portion of the work piece, and is used again to work the same work piece. At least one of these two segments of the wire electrode is advanced in a zig-zag path along the machining line when the work piece is cut, thereby allowing the working gap to be widened for improving the efficiency and accuracy of machining.

Abstract: An apparatus in which a wire electrode is pulled off a supply reel, passes through a predetermined path, is led to the machining portion of a work piece to cut the work piece, thereafter, the wire electrode is turned back, is returned along the path it has come to the machining portion of the work piece, and is used again to work the same work piece. At least one of these two segments of the wire electrode is advanced in a zig-zag path along the machining line when the work piece is cut, thereby allowing the working gap to be widened for improving the efficiency and accuracy of machining.

Abstract: A traveling-wire electrical discharge machining method and apparatus in which a magnetic property of the traveling electrode wire is detected downstream of the cutting zone to indicate a disturbance of erosive electrical discharges from a predetermined normal mode in the cutting zone. The workpiece is a ferromagnetic material to provide a deposit of such material at a discharge site on the wire in the cutting zone and/or the wire is a ferrous material which preferably consists of 0.05 to 3% by weight one or more rare-earth element and the balance a steel material. The ferrous material may be present as a core wire having a layer of metal or alloy of higher conductivity.

Abstract: An EDM method and system in which a DC output is pulsed to produce a succession of discrete, time-spaced, essentially unidirectional current pulses of a short duration not in excess of 10 microseconds for finish-machining a workpiece with a tool electrode across a fluid flooded EDM gap, each of the discrete current pulses having an essentially half-cycle sinusoidally rising and falling current-time characteristic and a peak current in excess of a predetermined current level. According to the invention, a peak current portion of each of the current pulses beyond the predetermined level is clipped to produce a reformed gap current pulse which is substantially square- or trapezoid-edged and has the predetermined current level.

Abstract: An automatic TW (traveling-wire) electroerosion machining system for machining a plurality of workpieces of different types required to acquire different contours includes a TW machine having a wire setting unit and located adjacent a predetermined path. A work dispensing unit successively dispenses the different workpieces onto the path from a store thereof located adjacent the path. This unit and a work handling and transfer unit operate under control commands from an NC unit and, in conjunction with the TW machine with the wire setting unit to carry out a plurality of work processing operations sequentially. In each operation, each individual workpiece selected from the store is transferred as it is carried on a pallet for loading onto and unloading from the TW machine. The electrode setting unit on the machine acts both to form a start hole and thread a wire-type electrode through the formed hole in the workpiece.

Abstract: A wire-cut electric discharge machine in which a current supplying member is in direct contact with a wire electrode, the shape of the current supplying member and the direction of passage of the wire electrode before and after the member being adapted to each other to prevent the formation of narrow gaps of sharp wedge-shaped cross section which could lead to harmful discharge and damage to the wire electrode and possible breakage of the wire electrode. In a preferred embodiment the current supplying member has a thick heel portion and a narrow sole portion and cooling fluid is discharged against the narrow sole portion.

Abstract: A traveling-wire electroerosion method and apparatus in which the cutting feed rate is cyclically increased and decreased in a prescribed manner. In a first step of the method, the cutting feed is effected along one portion of a commanded feed path at a maximum rate by a certain first extent such that the traveling wire span between the guide members bends backwards, thus deviating beyond a certain degree from the straight-line path established between the guide members. In a second step, the cutting feed is effected along another portion of the feed path immediately following that one portion at a minimum rate and by a certain small extent such that the bent traveling wire span comes into alignment with the straight-line wire travel path.

Abstract: An EDM method and apparatus in which a succession of machining voltage pulses of regular polarity is applied from a first pulse supply between a tool electrode and a workpiece to produce erosive discharges across the EDM gap in the presence of a water flushing medium. A second pulse supply is also provided to apply one or more voltage pulses of reverse polarity during a time interval between successive machining voltage pulses of regular polarity across the EDM gap. A sensing circuit is provided to respond to a gap open-circuit condition and to provide an output signal representative thereof. The output signal is used to act on the second pulse supply so as to selectively trigger such one or more reverse-polarity pulses, or to temporarily modify the parameters of the reverse-polarity pulse or pulses, upon occurrence of the gap open-circuit condition.

Abstract: A traveling-wire electroerosion machine with nozzle assemblies on each side of the workpiece, has at least one of these nozzle assemblies formed with a rotatable outlet member with a caster-like formation engaging the workpiece surface to orient an inclined machining liquid orifice against the back of the wire electrode and in the direction of the machining front at an inclination to the linear wire travel path through the workpiece.

Abstract: A spinodal decomposition type ternary magnetic allioy is provided which contains, by weight, 3 to 40% vanadium, 5 to 45% chromium and the balance essentially iron. Optionally the alloy may contain at least one additional element, said additional element being present individually in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight and not greater than the amount of either vanadium or chromium. The alloy is easy to work and has excellent hard or semi-hard magnetic properties comparable with those of conventional iron-chromium-cobalt alloys. Yet the alloy is low in material cost and simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvement in a laser machining apparatus using both a working laser generator (101) and an auxiliary energy supplying apparatus (110) such as a plasma or the like. A feature of the invention is that an auxiliary energy generated from the auxiliary energy supplying apparatus is radiated on a workpiece (118) to a location which is slightly apart from an irradiation point of a working laser beam. In a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary energy supplying apparatus (110) is attached to a rotary disk (113) thereby allowing the auxiliary energy to be radiated to a location which is always preceding an irradiation point of the laser beam in the working progressing direction. The auxiliary energy may be radiated onto a surface opposite to the surface of a workpiece to which the laser beam is radiated. With such an arrangement, working efficiency and accuracy are improved and a structure of the whole system is also simplified, resulting in less failure.

Abstract: An injection molding machine or system in which an auxiliary packing stage is provided between a plasticating stage and a molding stage. The packing stage comprises a tubular housing and a ram member disposed for sliding displacement therein by a drive unit. The ram member is reciprocated in the tubular housing to intermittently develop a packing chamber therein to allow an amount of the extruded material from the plasticating stage to be accepted temporarily in the chamber and to intermittently reduce the volume of the chamber to discharge the accepted amount of the melt under pressure into a mold cavity in the molding stage. A control unit acting on the drive unit establishes a predetermined stroke and rate of each displacement or reciprocation of the ram member in conjunction with the volume of the mold cavity and the kind of the material to be molded. The extruded amount of the material is adjusted in conjunction with the volume of the mold cavity.

Abstract: A grinding wheel capable of detecting and a method of monitoring it to detect, the development of a crack or like damage therein are disclosed. The wheel is constituted of an electrically nonconductive body having an electrically conductive strip, e.g. a thin film of an electrically conductive ink printed, of an electrically conductive paint applied, of a metal electrolessly or chemically deposited or of a metal electrolytically deposited, in a pattern, say, of quasi-circular or spiral configuration, on a portion of at least one side surface of the body. A current source is connected to the opposite ends of the conductive strip to pass an electric circuit therethrough. When a crack or like damage develops in the wheel body being rotated to perform a grinding operation, the circuit will be broken or a change in the current will occur, signaling the damage or crack formation.

Abstract: An improved method of cutting a workpiece to form a desired contour therein with a continuous wire electrode axially advanced to linearly traverse the workpiece across a cutting zone and also displaced relative to the workpiece transversely to the axis of the wire electrode. The method comprises the steps of (a) electroerosively rough-cutting the workpiece while effecting the transverse relative displacement along a first predetermined path corresponding to the desired contour and defined to generate a rough-cut contour with an overcut .alpha. in the workpiece, and (b) electroerosively finish-cutting the workpiece while effecting the transverse relative displacement along a second predetermined path shifted by a distance n.alpha. uniformly from the first predetermined path where n is a value proportional to the thickness of the workpiece traversed by the wire electrode, thereby generating a finish-cut contour coinciding with the desired contour in the workpiece.

Abstract: An EDM method and system in which a DC output is pulsed to produce a succession of discrete, time-spaced, essentially unidirectional current pulses of a short duration not in excess of 10 microseconds for finish-machining a workpiece with a tool electrode across a fluid-flooded EDM gap, each of the discrete current pulses having an essentially half-cycle sinusoidally rising and falling current time characteristic and a peak current in excess of a predetermined current level. According to the invention, a peak current portion of each of the current pulses beyond the predetermined level is clipped to produce a reformed gap current pulse which is substantially square- or trapezoid-edged and has the predetermined current level.

Abstract: A capacitor-type pulse generator is provided for wire-cutting EDM. The generator includes a capacitor connected on one hand to a DC source in series with a charging switch and on the other hand to the EDM gap in series with a discharging switch. A first sensing circuit turns the discharging switch into conduction when the charging voltage on the capacitor reaches a predetermined level. The charging switch is normally in its conductive state and is turned into its nonconductive state when a second sensing circuit senses that the EDM gap voltage exceeds a preselected value. In a modified generator, parallel-connected discharging switches are triggered in sequence when the capacitor voltage reaches the predetermined level.