Abstract: A carbonization apparatus for coal with wide particle size distribution, a carbonization apparatus unit, and a carbonization method based on the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a char discharge outlet (1), a combustion heating chamber (3), a coal feeding inlet (5), and a pyrolysis gas exhausting pipe (4). Wherein, two partition plates between which a pyrolysis gas channel (2) is formed are further provided in the carbonization apparatus, and orifices are provided on the partition plates to form a gas flow path from the fuel bed to the pyrolysis gas channel (2). Further, another internal having good heat transfer performance and made of a material resistant to high temperature, is provided in this coal carbonization apparatus to enhance the heat transfer from the heated wall of the apparatus to the fuel bed inside the apparatus. With the pyrolysis gas channel in the carbonization reaction apparatus, the gaseous products generated from coal pyrolysis are enabled to flow out timely.