Abstract: Sensor for use in highly sensitive analytical devices for qualitative and quantitative analysis of natural waters and technology-related solutions, containing low concentrations of components determined. Design of a sensor provides for simplification and costs reduction of its manufacture, widening range of solutions analyzed, improvement of their kinetic characteristics and increase in analysis sensitivity. Sensor has multichannel structure in a form of a piece 1 of a polycapillary tube with through capillaries forming microchannels filled up with two layers of immiscible substances. One layer (4) is formed of water or aqueous solution, and another layer (3) is formed of organic substance. The first of the layers in microchannels contains sorbent microgranules 5.

Abstract: Detecting unit comprises position-sensitive detector 1 and collimating system 2, situated in front of its window 19. Collimating system being made in the form of honeycomb structure comprising multitude of tubular channels for transmittance of diffracted X-ray radiation. Walls of adjacent tubular channels are fused together. Outlet ends of the channels, forming outlet end face 22 of the collimating system, are oriented towards window 19 of the position-sensitive detector. Outlets of the channels in outlet end face of the collimating system 2 are arranged in several rows along window 19 of the position-sensitive detector 1. Walls of the tubular channels are formed from material absorbing X-ray radiation. Collimating system 2 is installed with possibility of adjusting its position relative to the window 19 alignment of the position-sensitive detector. The embodiment specified provides for prevention of the difractograms distortion and the increase of sensitivity of the detecting unit.

Abstract: Polycapillary chromatographic column contains a set of parallel channels isolated from each other, walls of the channels on the inside are covered with sorbent, and are joined with walls of adjacent channels on the outside by fusing. Feature of a column is that it is produced as set of modules of a various level, thus the module of the lowest level represents hexagonally packed and having in cross-section shape of a correct hexagon set of the channels which are produced by joint drawing of a bundle of monocapillaries in the softened condition. The module of each higher level represents hexagonally packed and having in cross-section shape of a correct hexagon set of modules of the previous level, growing out by their joint drawing in the softened condition.

Abstract: Action on the tested wafer 1 is rendered with X-ray beam 3 converging in a point located inside the wafer or under it. Determination of relative position of the interference maxima is performed for diffraction reflections from crystallographic planes having the form of {nKK}, where n is equal to H, K or L and differs for distinct crystallographic planes. Means 11 for beam shaping creates beam 3 simultaneously acting on multiple crystallographic planes. Detectors 13 receive diffracted radiation in the whole angular range containing the interference maxima corresponding to the reflections from the irradiated planes.

Abstract: Polycapillary chromatographic column contains a set of parallel channels isolated from each other, walls of the channels on the inside are covered with sorbent, and are joined with walls of adjacent channels on the outside by fusing. Feature of a column is that it is produced as set of modules of a various level, thus the module of the lowest level represents hexagonally packed and having in cross-section shape of a correct hexagon set of the channels which are produced by joint drawing of a bundle of monocapillaries in the softened condition. The module of each higher level represents hexagonally packed and having in cross-section shape of a correct hexagon set of modules of the previous level, growing out by their joint drawing in the softened condition.