Abstract: Provided are a cell for X-ray analysis and an X-ray analysis apparatus that enable simultaneous X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements of a material (sample) in the same field of view on the sample (same position on the sample). The cell for X-ray analysis of the present invention enables simultaneous X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements of a sample in the same field of view on the sample and includes a furnace including a space where the sample is held and a focused heater heating the sample, a first window provided to the furnace and through which X-rays directed at the sample is incident, a second window provided to the furnace and from which X-rays emerging from the sample exit, a third window provided to the furnace, and a holder that positions the sample in the space.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation-damage-compensation-circuit and a SOI-MOSFET that has high radiation resistance. The SOI-MOSFET has the radiation-damage-compensation-circuit to recover the characteristics of the SOI-MOSFET after X-ray irradiation.

Abstract: A phase contrast transmission electron microscope apparatus has a long-life phase modulator, enabling changes in quantity of phase modulation, barely absorbing the electron beams, and not being influenced by irradiation of the electron beams. An electron microscope comprises an electron gun, a first laser beam irradiating process, being positioned between the electron source and an object lens, for irradiating laser beams onto the electron beams radiated from the electron gun, a second laser beam irradiating process, being positioned on a focal plane behind the object lens, for focusing and irradiating the laser beams upon the focus of the electron beams penetrating through a specimen, and a screen or a 2D electron sensor for detecting a specimen image in the form of distribution of intensity of the electron beams by an optical system.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an adaptive optics system and an optical device that allow correction of wavefront phase aberration with higher accuracy than before and have a wider correction range than the conventional ones, regardless of the distance between the observation target and the fluctuation layer, and the size of the observation target. An adaptive optics system includes: a wavefront phase modulator that makes aberration correction to incident light and emits the corrected light; and an imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism that adjusts freely within a specimen the position of a surface imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation correction surface formed by the wavefront phase modulator. The imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism adjusts the fluctuation correction surface to be imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation layer existing in the specimen.

Abstract: A low-noise wide band amplifier is realized utilizing a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junction, quasiparticle frequency mixers connected in tandem or in cascade, a first quasiparticle mixer performs first frequency mixing with use of a first local signal having a frequency not less than twice a frequency of an input signal to the first quasiparticle mixer, a second quasiparticle mixer performs second frequency mixing with use of a second local signal having a frequency not more than twice a frequency of an input signal to the second quasiparticle mixer, and signal amplification is performed through frequency conversion by extracting, from among a plurality of signals generated with the first and the second frequency mixing, a signal in a frequency band not more than a frequency band of the signal before the first frequency mixing and the second frequency mixing, using a transmission line or a filter.

Abstract: A radio wave measurement device enabling highly sensitive measurements of radio waves at an extremely low temperature is disclosed. The radio wave measurement device has a radiation-blocking filter through which a targeted radio wave is transmitted, a radio wave-transparent material to reflect a non-targeted electromagnetic wave included in radio waves, and a radio wave detector which are placed in a vacuum vessel, in which the radio waves are transmitted through the radiation-blocking filter, the non-targeted electromagnetic wave included in the radio waves is reflected toward the radiation-blocking filter by the radio wave-transparent material and collected as heat into the radiation-blocking filter, and the heat is exhausted out of the system, allowing the radio waves transmitted through the radio wave-transparent material to be measured with high sensitivity by the radio wave detector.

Abstract: There is provided a method for generating an oil/fat component by means of culturing algae, in which marine algae belonging to chlamydomonas are cultured in a culture medium containing sea salt.

Abstract: The present invention separates radiation from an object by a polarization filter 3 into polarized light beams, causes one of the beams to enter a spectrum analyzer 7 through a first optical path, causes the other to enter the spectrum analyzer 7 through a second optical path, and measures the two-color ratio, while causes radiation of a blackbody 2 placed in a vacuum ultralow temperature thermostatic chamber 1 in a quasi-thermal equilibrium state at an ultralow temperature in vacuo to enter the polarization filter 3 through a third optical path, separates the radiation into polarized light beams, causes the beams to each enter the same optical paths as the respective optical paths for the radiation of the object, causes the beams to enter the spectrum analyzer 7, measures the two-color ratio, and accurately obtains the temperature of the object on the basis of these two two-color ratios.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus including: one or more needle-like bases enabled to be inserted into the brain; a first electrode having a first impedance and enabling an input of an electric activity of a nucleus with which the first electrode comes into contact; and a second electrode having a second impedance lower than the first impedance and being able to output an electric stimulation to the nucleus, wherein the first electrode is provided at a tip portion of at least one of the bases, and the second electrode is provided on a part of the at least one of the bases at a position identical to a position of at least one of the first electrode or on a proximal side with respect to the first electrode, in a direction along a long axis of the base on which the first electrode is provided.

Abstract: A parametric oscillator oscillates a plurality of pseudo spin pulses SPi having mutually an identical oscillation frequency by using parametric oscillation, an interaction implementing unit performs feedback implementation of a magnitude and a sign of interaction related to each pseudo spin pulse SPi (the proportionality coefficient ?i+?Jij?j+?Kijk?j?k with respect to ?i) by using a tentative measurement result of oscillation phases ?i(tentative) of the plurality of pseudo spin pulses SPi, and a pseudo spin measuring unit measures the pseudo spins ?i of the plurality of pseudo spin pulses SPi, based on a final measurement result of oscillation phases ?i(steady) of the plurality of pseudo spin pulses SPi.

Abstract: In an Ising spin measuring step, measurement is suspended after one set of measurement of all Ising spins {?i} is completed before another set of measurement of all Ising spins {?i} is restarted. In an Ising interaction computing step, all Ising interactions relating to all the Ising spins ?i can be computed with a sufficient time margin on the basis of most recent measurement of Ising spins ?i, after one set of measurement of all the Ising spins {?i} is completed before another set of measurement of all the Ising spins {?i} is restarted by the Ising spin measuring step.

Abstract: To provide a laser ignition device in which the ignition efficiency is improved and the laser pulse energy necessary for ignition is minimized by optimizing the pulse time width of laser. The laser ignition device includes: a pulse laser oscillator 1 configured to output a beam having a wavelength ? [?m] and a beam quality M2; an energy controller 2 configured to control energy of pulse laser outputted from the pulse laser oscillator 1; a lens 3 having a focal length f [mm] and configured to focus the pulse laser outputted from the pulse laser oscillator 1; and a pulse time width controller 14 configured to control a time width of the pulse laser, wherein the pulse time width controller 14 controls the time width of the pulse laser to be 0.6 to 2 ns.

Abstract: A quantum simulator includes a pseudo speckle pattern generator, a main vacuum chamber, an atomic gas supply unit, a light beam generator, a photodetector, and an atom number detector. The pseudo speckle pattern generator generates a pseudo speckle pattern in the inside of the main vacuum chamber by light allowed to enter the inside of the main vacuum chamber through the second window. The pseudo speckle pattern generator includes a controller, a light source, a beam expander, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. The controller sets a modulation distribution of the spatial light modultor based on a two-dimensional pseudo random number pattern.

Abstract: An information processing unit and information processing method capable of performing a ground-state search of an Ising model having coefficients of arbitrary values regardless of restrictions on hardware or software is suggested. When a ground state of an original problem, which is an Ising model, or an approximate solution of that ground state is calculated as a solution of the original problem, one or more sub-problems which are Ising models are generated from the original problem and the information processing unit searches the ground state of each generated sub-problem and generates a solution of the original problem based on a solution of each sub-problem obtained from the search; and when types of coefficient values of an Ising model whose ground state can be searched are limited, sub-problems which are Ising models composed of the types of limited values of coefficients are generated.

Abstract: A laser ignition device capable of achieving stable ignition, preventing deterioration of a semiconductor laser element is provided, by suppressing the intensity of oscillated light leakage leaking towards semiconductor laser side from the laser resonator with a simple configuration. A laser ignition device 7 includes an excitation light source 1 emitting coherent excitation light LPMP, an optical element 2 transmitting excitation light LPMP, a laser resonator 3 oscillating oscillated light having high energy density by being irradiated with excitation light LPMP, and condensing means 6 condensing the oscillated light LPLS oscillated by the laser resonator 3. Moreover, the laser ignition device 7 is provided with a light-transmissive-reflective film 5 disposed between the excitation light source 1 and the laser resonator 3. The light-transmissive-reflective film 5 permeating the excitation light LPMP having short wavelength and reflecting oscillated light leakage LLEAK having long wavelength.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide an evaluation method for evaluating spectacle lenses that is capable of objectively evaluating spectacle lenses suitable for a user by measuring brain activity, and a design method for designing spectacle lenses using the evaluation method. [Solution] A subject is allowed to wear to-be-evaluated lenses, and the subject is allowed to visually observe a visual stimulus object used to evoke an activity of a specific part of the visual cortex of the brain through the to-be-evaluated lenses, and an evoked activity of the specific part of the brain's visual cortex when the visual stimulus object is visually observed by the to-be-evaluated lenses is measured by an electroencephalograph or by a magnetoencephalograph, and the spectacle lenses are evaluated based on time (latency) from when a visual stimulus is received till when a change is caused thereby or based on the magnitude (amplitude) of activity.

Abstract: In an Ising spin measuring step, measurement is suspended after one set of measurement of all Ising spins {?i} is completed before another set of measurement of all Ising spins {?i} is restarted. In an Ising interaction computing step, all Ising interactions relating to all the Ising spins ?i can be computed with a sufficient time margin on the basis of most recent measurement of Ising spins ?i, after one set of measurement of all the Ising spins {?i} is completed before another set of measurement of all the Ising spins {?i} is restarted by the Ising spin measuring step.

Abstract: Both of multi-mode laser beam 8A and excitation beam 34A for amplification are imputed to an amplification gain medium 62 in a relationship in which their optical axes match each other and an effective beam diameter of the excitation beam for amplification is smaller than an effective beam diameter of the multi-mode laser beam. As a result, laser beam of a part of modes progressing in a radiation range of the excitation beam 34A for amplification is selectively amplified. Laser beam 40A subjected to mode cleaning is thereby outputted.

Abstract: Both a hologram and fluorescence are simultaneously captured in a state in which they can be reconstructed separately. A recording device (10) includes: a laser light source (LS1) which irradiates a subject (13) with object illumination light so that object light is generated; and an image capturing device (12) which captures (i) a hologram formed by interference between reference light and object light and (ii) an image of fluorescence, and the object illumination light further excites a fluorescent material (14) contained in the subject (13).

Abstract: A more practical method for evaluating an inhibitory circuit applicable to a living body, and the use thereof. Herein the action of an inhibitory circuit on an excitatory circuit is evaluated on the basis of attenuation of the brain activity produced by activation of an excitatory circuit by the input of an inhibitory circuit by performing a step for inputting an inhibitory circuit by applying a second trigger in advance of a first trigger to an excitatory circuit activated by a first trigger which is a stimulus or challenge.