Abstract: A rose is produced in which an introduced gene is only present in a part of the cells thereof, such as cells of the L1 layer of flower petals, but is not present in germ cells such as pollen cells or ovule cells. Since the introduced gene is not propagated to other roses even when this rose is crossed with other roses, the possibility of dispersal of the introduced gene can be completely negated.

Abstract: A method of acylating the 3? position of anthocyanin using an enzyme that transfers an aromatic acyl group to a sugar at the 3? position of anthocyanin or a gene encoding the enzyme.

Abstract: A novel flavonoid glucosyltransferase originating from rose, a nucleic acid encoding that enzyme, for example, a flavonoid glucosyltransferase having an amino acid sequence indicated in SEQ ID NO. 2 or SEQ ID NO. 4, a nucleic acid encoding that enzyme, a method for changing the color of a rose flower using that nucleic acid, and a rose plant capable of changing color, are provided.

Abstract: There is provided a gene coding for the amino acid sequence listed as SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 70, for example. Co-expression of the 4?CGT gene and AS gene in a plant lacking natural aurone synthesis ability is carried out to successfully accumulate aurones and alter the flower color to have a yellow tint. In addition to the expression of both genes, the flavonoid pigment synthesis pathway of the host plant itself is inhibited to obtain flowers with a more defined yellow color.

Abstract: There is provided a gene coding for the amino acid sequence listed as SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 70, for example. Co-expression of the 4?CGT gene and AS gene in a plant lacking natural aurone synthesis ability is carried out to successfully accumulate aurones and alter the flower color to have a yellow tint. In addition to the expression of both genes, the flavonoid pigment synthesis pathway of the host plant itself is inhibited to obtain flowers with a more defined yellow color.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining whether or not a wild rose of interest is crossed with a cultivated rose. The method comprises the steps of: examining whether or not a KSN gene containing a transposon (an indicator) is contained in the rose of interest; and determining that the rose of interest is crossed with a cultivated rose when the individual has the transposon-containing KSN gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protein having aurone synthase activity involved in the color of flowers such as snapdragons, a gene that encodes it, cDNA in particular, and its applications. This gene can give yellow color to the flowers of plants by introducing into plants deficient in chalcone isomerase and so forth and expressing.

Abstract: A flavone synthase that synthesizes flavones from flavanones, vectors containing DNAs encoding said flavone synthases, and plants expressing same are disclosed. Methods of producing the protein which synthesizes flavones from flavanones, methods of altering the composition of flavonoids or the amount of flavonoids in a plant, methods of altering flower color and plant photosensitivity, and methods of controlling interactions between plants expressing the protein and microorganisms are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gene that codes for a protein, wherein the protein is an anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase, which is an enzyme that transfers a glycoside to the 5 position of a flavonoid. The disclosed anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferases were isolated from Perilla fruescens, Verbena hybrida, Torenia hybrida, and Petunia hybrida. Also disclosed are genes that code for a protein having a modified amino acid sequence relative to the above amino acid sequence and having activity that transfers a glycoside to the 5 position of a flavonoid, and a process for producing the above protein using said gene. This gene can be used to artificially alter the color of plants.

Abstract: A [DNA encoding a] flavone synthase that synthesizes flavones from flavanones, vectors containing said DNAs encoding said flavone synthases, and plants expressing same are disclosed. Methods of producing the protein which synthesizes flavones from flavanones, methods of altering the composition of flavonoids or the amount of flavonoids in a plant, methods of altering flower color and plant photosensitivity, and methods of controlling interactions between plants expressing the protein and microorganisms are also disclosed.

Abstract: DNA obtained, for example, from snapdragon or torenia, encoding an enzyme that can convert flavanones directly to flavones, and its uses; the DNA and amino acid sequences for enzymes encoded thereby are listed as SEQ. ID. No. 1 & 2 and 3 & 4, for example. Introduction of the genes into plants can, for example, alter the flower colors of the plants.

Abstract: A protein which has an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 23, 25, 27 or 29, or any of these amino acid sequences modified, and which has activity for transferring an aliphatic acyl group to a glycosyl group at the 5-position of flavonoids, and a gene encoding the same.

Abstract: A nucleic acid encoding a protein which has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2, 12, or 14, or the amino acid sequence modified by addition or deletion of one or more amino acids and/or substitution by other amino acids, and which has activity to transfer a glycosyl group to the 3?-position of anthocyanins.