Abstract: A device, system and method integrating forward and panoramic fields is disclosed, comprising: a primary reflector, comprising a convex surface in relation to the forward field, reflective on at least part of the convex surface; a secondary reflector, forward of the primary reflector relative to the forward field, reflective on at least part a surface thereof facing rearward toward the primary reflector; a primary reflector hole in the primary reflector, substantially centered about an optical axis of the apparatus; and a secondary reflector hole in the secondary reflector, substantially centered about the optical axis.

Abstract: A device, system and method integrating forward and panoramic fields is disclosed, comprising: a primary reflector, comprising a convex surface in relation to the forward field, reflective on at least part of the convex surface; a secondary reflector, forward of the primary reflector relative to the forward field, reflective on at least part a surface thereof facing rearward toward the primary reflector; a primary reflector hole in the primary reflector, substantially centered about an optical axis of the apparatus; and a secondary reflector hole in the secondary reflector, substantially centered about the optical axis.

Abstract: A device, system and method integrating forward and panoramic fields is disclosed, comprising: a primary reflector, comprising a convex surface in relation to the forward field, reflective on at least part of the convex surface; a secondary reflector, forward of the primary reflector relative to the forward field, reflective on at least part a surface thereof facing rearward toward the primary reflector; a primary reflector hole in the primary reflector, substantially centered about an optical axis of the apparatus; and a secondary reflector hole in the secondary reflector, substantially centered about the optical axis.

Abstract: An improvement in a wavelength division multiplexer and/or a dense wavelength division multiplexer (WDM/DWDM) is achieved by incorporating an electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating (108). The introduction of the electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating (108), which is typically fabricated using MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology, improves the compact design, durability, and dynamic functionality of the WDM/DWDM system.

Abstract: A device, system and method for detecting and measuring concentrations of elements in fluids comprises: flowing a fluid through a central flow interelectrode gap of an ionic preconcentration cell separating an upper high specific surface area electrode from a lower high specific surface area electrode of the ionic preconcentration cell by a predetermined interelectrode gap width; and applying a voltage differential between the upper high surface area electrode and the lower high surface area electrode while the fluid is flowing through the central flow interelectrode gap. As such, this cell that utilizes its inherent capacitance for double layer formation to extract ultra-trace levels of ionic contaminants from fluids in order to enhance detection by x-ray fluorescence analysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved optical pickup device based on the developing electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating MEMS technology. The improved optical pickup device has applications that include but are not limited to CD and DVD for audio, video and computer technology. The present invention can provide improvements to this current and future technology with higher data storage density and faster retrieval.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a single endoscope that provides a field of view substantially greater than a hemisphere comprising a forward field of view and a panoramic field of view that are integrated on a single image plane. The invention is described with respect to a rigid endoscope, but the technology can be implemented on a flexible endoscope as well. The advantage of such an endoscope is that it would provide substantially more information to the physician than any single existing endoscope, and it can be used in place of multiple endoscopes with varying directions of view that are swapped throughout a procedure to provide different views. The invention can also be used in non-medical applications for inspection in closed or generally inaccessible spaces such as for example the interior of jet engines.

Abstract: An improved conical panoramic mirror element design is disclosed such that the panoramic vertical field of view is not fixed and the image covers at least 90% of the toroidal image pixels of an imaging device. The data required to prescribe the panoramic conical element includes the position of the detector device, the most negative vertical scene angle, the most positive vertical scene angle, the panoramic cone's base diameter, the cone's apex to base ratio. These are utilized according to a mathematical prescription that optimizes the mirror element's design.

Abstract: An improved microsystems testing and characterization system which allows the system user to identify specific structures, and thereby to initiate an automated testing sequence to be applied to that structure or a series of structures. The integrated control system that governs the present invention automates the power supply to the device under test, the precision motion control of all components, the sensor operation, data processing and data presentation. Therefore operation is autonomous once the microstructure is in place and the testing sequence is specified. The integrated testing system can be used to perform tests on an entire wafer or on a single die.

Abstract: A tunable laser system where incoming light is separated into wavelength separated light; the separated light is focused into a plurality of single wavelength focal spots. The laser system includes a locally controllable reflectivity array having a plurality of individually controllable localized reflective elements corresponding to and reflecting one of the plurality of focal spots. A wavelength filter substantially allows wavelengths of the incoming light separated by a specified frequency to emerge as filtered light, while substantially barring other wavelengths. The separated light includes this filtered light. An elongation element for elongates the wavelength separated light into a plurality of elongated single wavelength focal spots. The locally controllable reflectivity array includes a plurality of sets of a plurality of individually controllable localized reflective elements, each set corresponding to and reflecting one of the elongated single wavelength focal spots.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical power relay uses mercury, or a similar liquid metal with high surface tension, as a flexible non-degrading contact mechanism. The basic systematic requirements for the micro-relay include large current carrying capacity, high speed, use of control voltages readily available in the given application, and an acceptable hold-off voltage. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the novel configuration of a liquid metal current carrying switching device.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement in a wavelength division multiplexer and/or a dense wavelength division multiplexer (WDM/DWDM) by incorporating an electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating. The introduction of the electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating, which is typically fabricated using MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology, improves the compact design, durability, and dynamic functionality of the WDM/DWDM system.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical power relay uses mercury, or a similar liquid metal with high surface tension, as a flexible non-degrading contact mechanism. The basic systematic requirements for the micro-relay include large current carrying capacity, high speed, use of control voltages readily available in the given application, and an acceptable hold-off voltage. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the novel configuration of a liquid metal current carrying switching device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, in all embodiments of the invention, is a tunable laser system comprising wavelength separation means for separating incoming light into wavelength-separated light; optical focusing means for focusing the wavelength-separated light into a plurality of single-wavelength focal spots; and locally-controllable reflectivity array means comprising a plurality of individually-controllable localized reflective elements each corresponding to and reflecting one of the plurality of single-wavelength focal spots. A frequency matching embodiment further comprises wavelength filtering means for substantially allowing wavelengths the incoming light which are separated from one another by a specified optical frequency difference to emerge as filtered light, while substantially barring all other wavelengths. The light separated the wavelength separation means comprises this filtered light.

Abstract: An improved optical pressure sensor determines the pressure of the fluid to be monitored by the deflection of a diaphragm in the pressure chamber of the sensor which has an inlet from the measured vessel. The deflection of the diaphragm is determined by monitoring the interference of diode light reflected from the diaphragm and a silicon grating structure superimposed over the diaphragm, at critical positions. Intensity detectors are placed at critical positions such as the specific orders of the diffraction grating to measure the interference intensity of the reflected light. The interferometric accuracy with which the pressure measurement is made with the present invention far exceeds that obtained with optical pressure sensors described in the prior art.

Abstract: An improved microsystems testing and characterization system which allows the system user to identify specific structures, and thereby to initiate an automated testing sequence to be applied to that structure or a series of structures. The integrated control system that governs the present invention automates the power supply to the device, the precision motion control of all components, the sensor operation, data processing and data presentation. Therefore operation is autonomous once the microstructure is in place and the testing sequence is specified. The integrated testing system can be used to perform tests on an entire wafer or on a single die.

Abstract: An improved tunable diode laser is capable of fast digital line selection over a broad wavelength spectrum, and uses no moving parts. A focusing element, such as a mirror or a lens, used in combination with a micromirror array serves as the retroreflector in a typical Littman-Metcalf laser cavity. This configuration provides arbitrary, simultaneous, and/or sequential line selection capability over a very broad wavelength range. The use of an individually-controllable micromirror array eliminates the high precision mechanical motion of a grating element and improves the overall durability and ruggedness of the device. The present invention can be integrated into any diode laser and has significant application in spectroscopy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method disclosed herein can be utilized in all DMA-based optical systems, such as imaging and projection devices, in order to improve light efficiency and brightness by a significant factor and maintain good contrast. This feature is especially important in night vision systems and other low light applications. A means is provided of masking a designated area of light collected by the system objective lens in order to eliminate light collected from “flat” or “off” state micromirrors that would degrade the image quality produced. The masked objective lens, with a larger aperture, enhances the light collection from micromirrors in the “on” state only.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for making highly sensitive differential measurements of acceleration. The vibration sensor includes the use of moveable gate field effect transistors to sense the motion of a cantilever beam relative to the motion sensed by a reference structure, it also includes an actuator element formed by a pair of electrodes actuating electrostatically on the beam. A feedback control loop is also included for force balance operation resulting in a very wide dynamic range for the sensor.

Abstract: An improved intensity control system for an intensified imaging system allows continuous viewing through an intensified imaging system while protecting saturated areas from the negative effects of overexposure. A micromirror array (MMA) is used in conjunction with associated optics to control the intensity incident on the image intensifier. Control circuitry determines if pixel intensity is above or below the preset threshold level. If above, the corresponding elements of the MMA array will deflect the incident light in that specific area thereby eliminating saturation of the pixels. The rest of the image is maintained for continuous viewing. A continuous feedback loop monitors the intensity levels of pixels and actively controls the incident light using the MMA.