Abstract: A synchronous machine with 3-phase sensors set 120° apart and 90° advanced is used to provide commutation from a direct current source. A time delay circuit with an electronically implemented algorithm controls torque by delaying the 90° advance. This delay is controlled by a linear voltage, independent of frequency, and can be used to control position, speed, or acceleration. A delay beyond 90° advance causes commutation to cease, and the alternating current machine switches to a generator, indicative of motive power being applied. If motive power ceases, the alternating current machine switches to a motor. Controlled switching can be less than half of one hertz.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging a battery using an alternator driven by an engine and a voltage regulator controlling the output of the alternator comprising a control conduit that automatically controls the engine speed from idle on up to that of maximum horsepower at full throttle while simultaneously controlling the charging current to that value which minimizes charging time and maximizes battery life. The apparatus includes a load control circuit that unloads the alternator in response to a sudden increase in the load on the engine or sudden decrease in the engine speed thereby reducing the load on the engine to prevent the engine from stalling.

Abstract: A coupling for connecting two rotatable members in a manner to isolate the torsional vibrations in one member from the other member even where radial, angular and axial misalignment is present and is constantly varying between the two rotatable members. Torsional stiffness and damping can be readily and independently altered to accommodate any application.