Abstract: A monomer having cationic groups and a monomer having anionic groups are introduced into polymeric substrates such as fibers, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics and membranous materials through radiation-initiated graft polymerization, thereby producing polymeric electrolyte complexes that have good physical properties and which can be formed into shapes that suit specific uses. Also disclosed is a process according to which hydrophilic groups and/or ion-exchange groups are introduced into polymeric substrates such as fibers, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics and membranous materials through radiation-initiated graft polymerization. To introduce hydrophilic groups and/or ion-exchange groups, two or more monomers are used as selected from among hydrophilic monomers, monomers having cation-exchange groups (e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and styrenesulfonic acid salt), and monomers having anion-exchange groups (e.g. vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium salt and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate).

Abstract: A process for producing a medical material having high anti-thrombogenicity that is suitable for use in catheters and other medical devices in contact with blood flowing in circulatory organs and other tissues is disclosed. According to this process, an acrylamide or methacrylamide derivative having a tertiary amino group, or an unsaturated monomer having a hydrophihlic group and the ability to promote copolymerization, or a mixture thereof is graft polymerized onto a polyurethane elastomeric or polyolefinic high-molecular weight substrate with an ionizing radiation.

Abstract: A novel process for the production of a separator for use in a cell to prevent the short-circuiting of positive active material and negative active material comprises irradiating a polyolefin film 150 .mu.m or less thick with ionizing radiation at a dose rate of 5.times.10.sup.4 -10.sup.7 rads/sec. to give a total dose of 1 Mrad or more, contacting the irradiated film with an aqueous solution of a terminally unsaturated monomer such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and the like at a temperature of 10.degree. C.-60.degree. C. to thereby cause grafting of the monomer onto the polyolefin film before the grafted polymer film is treated with an aqueous alkaline solution to finally obtain the separator for use in a cell, which is substantially improved in that it shows low electrical resistance and is excellent both in its acid resistance and mechanical strength.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel cell separator made of a grafted membrane comprising a polyethylene film which is graft-copolymerized with a monomer having an ion exchange group, characterized in that said membrane has an area which is not grafted at all or an area of low degree grafting. By making use of this membrane, a small size and thin cell having excellent performance as well as satisfactory mechanical strength can be produced at low cost with great advantages.