Abstract: Conventionally, a laser beam is amplified by making a single pass through an amplifier but the laser beam emitted from the oscillator generally has low energy, so the energy stored in the amplifier cannot be fully extracted and only low laser output power and overall efficiency result. According to the method of the invention for amplifying a solid-state laser, the laser beam is passed through the amplifier multiple times and with spatial uniformity so as to achieve efficient extraction of the energy stored in the amplifier and the thermally induced distortion of the laser beam can be compensated by the single amplifier.

Abstract: Unsintered poly(tetrafluoroethylene) resin feeds are treated with ionizing radiation in an absorbed dose of no more than 1,000 Gy at room temperature in air so that only the melting temperature of the resin feeds is shifted toward the lower end without changing the quantities of heat of fusion and crystallization.

Abstract: Ceramic materials that are highly resistant to strong acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and halides such as hydrogen iodide are employed to make block elements through which a large number of circular ingress channels extend in perpendicular directions and which are joined and piled in the heat exchanging medium section to provide a compact heat exchanger that excels not only in corrosion resistance but also in high-temperature strength.

Abstract: A radiation or neutron detector wherein lateral side light detecting optical fibers prepared from clear optical fibers that are scraped on a lateral side to permit side incidence of fluorescence are used to detect the fluorescence from a phosphor or a scintillator such that the background to gamma-rays is reduced. If desired, the optical fibers may be bent at 90 degrees and guided to a photomultiplier tube in order to reduce the size of the detector. Fabrication and maintenance of the detector can be facilitated by adopting such a design that a detecting block comprising a detection medium and lateral side light detecting optical fibers is separated from a readout block comprising clear optical fibers.

Abstract: A process for producing a self-cross-linking alkyl cellulose derivative, which includes irradiating, with radioactive rays, a mixture of a starting alkyl cellulose derivative (the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 1 through 3, the alkyl group may be substituted by a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and the carboxyl group may form a salt) (100 parts by weight) and water (5–2,000 parts by weight), and thus obtained self-cross-linking alkyl cellulose derivative has an improved biodegradability and excellent water-absorbability.

Abstract: Ceramic materials that are highly resistant to strong acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and halides such as hydrogen iodide are employed to make block elements through which a large number of circular ingress channels extend in perpendicular directions and which are joined and piled in the heat exchanging medium section to provide a compact heat exchanger that excels not only in corrosion resistance but also in high-temperature strength.

Abstract: A method comprising the steps of continuously changing the concentrations in solution of a biomacromolecule to be crystallized and a precipitant, thereby constructing a crystal phase diagram containing a solubility curve, searching for optimum conditions of crystallization on the basis of the constructed crystal phase diagram, and performing efficient growth of the crystal of the biomacromolecule. Also disclosed is an apparatus for implementing the method.

Abstract: A remote particle counter comprising a pulsed laser generator, laser light emitting optics, scattered light collecting optics, a high-sensitivity two-dimensional photo detector as a scattered light detecting portion having a fast gating capability such as a CCD camera, and a control and measure system, wherein suspended fine particles forming aerosols in the atmosphere which are far away from the site of laser emission are illuminated with laser light, the resulting backward scattered light from the individual fine particles is detected as image, and the number and size distribution of the suspended fine particles are measured at a remote site.

Abstract: A neutron detecting scintillator that has a very short decay time, that can capture neutrons in high efficiency and that is composed of light elements comprises the Li2B4O7 single crystal or the 6Li and 11B or 10B enriched 6Li211B4O7 or 6Li210B4O7 single crystal, in which 6Li and 11B or 10B have large neutron capture cross sections and fluorescence that is emitted from an ionizing radiation generated through their neutron capture reaction has a short-lived component not longer than 10 ns.

Abstract: A superconducting coil system comprising a superconducting coil and a normal conducting coil, the normal conducting coil having a current time constant (L2/R2) which is larger than L1/R1, or the time constant at which the current through the superconducting coil decays rapidly after the conductors in the superconducting coil made a transition to the normal conducting state, in which L1 and L2 represent the self-inductances of the superconducting coil and the normal conducting coil, respectively, R1 represents the resistance for causing rapid decay of the current flow through the superconducting coil, and R2 represents the resistance of the normal conducting coil.

Abstract: A method for generating ultra-short pulse amplified Raman laser light. Short pulse laser light is amplified, and a portion thereof is introduced into a Raman oscillator to produce compressed laser light. The compressed light is introduced to a first Raman amplifier. The remainder of the short pulse laser light is introduced to a polarizer, and the reflected light is introduced into the first Raman amplifier to pump it. The light transmitted through the first Raman amplifier that has not contributed to pumping is introduced to a beam splitter to produce a second reflected light that is passed to a second Raman amplifier to pump that amplifier. The compressed light is amplified in the first Raman amplifier and introduced to the second Raman amplifier to further amplify it. This further amplified radiation is passed through delay lines to the beam splitter, which passes only first Stokes radiation to generate ultra-short pulse amplified Raman laser light.

Abstract: As the material with which a measurement system in a detection apparatus is built, the neutron absorber-loaded polyethylene which considerably slows down and absorbs fast neutrons is replaced by iron or an alloy thereof which have no moderating action but have great ability to reflect fast neutrons. With this design, the neutrons admitted into the solid waste under analysis are not only the fast neutrons that go direct into the solid waste from the neutron generating tubes but also the high-energy neutrons reflected from the measurement system. The probability of incidence of nuclear fissions is sufficiently increased to enhance the sensitivity of measurement.

Abstract: A method for electrochemical synthesis of a superconducting boron compound MgB2 which comprises the steps of preparing a powder mixture of magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium borate, drying the mixture by electrical heating at a temperature of 400° C. or below under an inert gas atmosphere, and further heating the mixture electrically at a temperature of 400° C. or above so that it is melted and undergoes chemical reaction.

Abstract: In the improved neutron image detector, MgB2 enriched in a constituent element 10B of wide energy gap is used as a neutron detection plate, which is provided at the center and the four corners with a phonon sensor comprising an insulation layer overlaid with Mg11B2 enriched in 11B of narrow energy gap in order to detect phonons resulting from the generation of ?-rays which occurs in the detection plate upon incidence of neutrons, and sensor's signal intensity and signal propagation time are used to detect the incident position of neutrons.

Abstract: The method of preventing cold-worked stress corrosion cracking in the iron steels and alloyed steels including stainless steels comprises removing a residual tensile stressed layer, optionally generating residual compression, through the impact of irradiation with the ultra-short femtosecond pulse and kW class high average-power laser, and removing a hardened surface layer extremely susceptible to stress corrosion cracking, whereby this susceptible hardened surface layer with many concentrated dislocation defects and the likes is removed without generating or introducing any of such hardened layer in the process of its removal. The method is free from the risk of damaging other equipment by peening with steel balls or other shaped shots, is almost unlimited in actual environment, effectiveness, work, place and other conditions for application, is inexpensive, and functions continuously for a much longer period than an ordinary nuclear reactor's service lifetimes.

Abstract: A high-purity InSb single crystal not artificially doped with impurities is used as a radiation detecting medium. In order to obtain diode characteristics, a Au.Pd alloy is used to form a surface barrier layer. At 4.2 K, the device resistance of the thus fabricated solid-state radiation detector was as large as 1.4 k? and the rise time of output signals from a charge-sensitive preamplifier was as short as 0.4 ?s, indicating reduced trapping of electrons or positive holes. The detector was also capable of measuring ?-ray spectra over the temperature range from 2 K to 50 K.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for radiation measurement suitable for use within and outside nuclear reactor or accelerator facilities when there is a need to perform real-time monitoring of radiation intensity over a wide dynamic range at many and broadly distributed sites of measurement. The apparatus and method are based on two principles: constant radiation monitoring and integrating measured radiation with a stimulable phosphor.

Abstract: The characteristics of the phosphor ZnS:Ag,Cl which has a considerably high fluorescence yield in response to incident particles thus allowing for their easy detection are used as such and combined with the finding that the fluorescence components in the range of shorter wavelengths are short-lived, which led to an improvement of counting characteristics, hence allowing for high-rate measurements of particles. When B370 was used as an optical filter to pick up fluorescence components shorter than 450 nm, the decay time of short-lived fluorescence components could be reduced from 370 ns to 200 ns.

Abstract: A method for reducing ac loss in a superconducting coil of cable-in-conduit type superconductor made from chrome-coated compound superconducting strands, characterized in that when a superconducting coil is produced by the wind-and-react technique, bending or twist strain is applied in an amount of 0.15˜0.3% to the conductor cable portion after it has been heat-treated to form the superconducting compound, thereby separating the individual superconducting strands the chrome coat on which sintered as the result of heat treatment and further characterized in that the applied bending or twist strain is thereafter reverted to 0.1% or less, thereby reducing the ac loss of the superconducting coil.

Abstract: A process for emulsion graft polymerization of a polymeric substrate, which comprises a step of activating a polymeric substrate, and a step of contacting the activated polymeric substrate with an emulsion comprising a surfactant, water, and reactive monomers, thereby graft polymerizing the reactive monomers to the polymeric substrate, and products polymerized by the process, where the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoric surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant and a mixture thereof, and the polymeric substrate is in the form of woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, films, hollow filamentary films, flat films or threads, made from polyolefinic fibers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., or natural polymeric fibers such as chitin, chitosan, cellulose, starch, etc.