Abstract: A vehicular antilock brake control system does not require a lengthy extension piping from its actuator. The system provides for an accurate controlling method for maximizing a calculated road surface friction coefficient. Each wheel has a control unit consisting of a stress sensor, a controller and an actuator installed at the respective wheel. A stress value is detected, representative of road surface friction value or road surface friction coefficient value, for the corresponding wheel independently of the other wheels. In response to the output signal of the sensor, the controller regulates the actuator which controls brake fluid pressure applied to the respective wheel.

Abstract: A stress composite sensor has a plurality of sensor elements each including a base plate and a stress sensor disposed thereon for delivering stress signals indicating stress in one direction alone. The sensor elements have the base plates fixed together in a common plane to form a sensor segment wherein the stress sensors are provided at intervals to provide signals indicating stress in the one direction. The stress sensors optionally each include strain gauges and in an embodiment include four strain gauges. The sensor elements are arranged in rows in an embodiment and are optionally integrally fixed together.

Abstract: The invention provides a wheel-acting force measuring device free from the influences of cross talk due to brake torque (torsional torque).

Abstract: A wheel-acting force measuring system for measuring for measuring force generated by a wheel having a road contacting surface is provided. The system includes an axle having a brake disk attachment portion and a spindle portion extending outwardly from the brake disk attachment portion to which the wheel is mounted, and a stress detecting sensor embedded in the spindle portion at a position between the brake disc attachment portion and a plane perpendicular to the road contacting surface of the wheel. In an embodiment there is further provided a brake caliper having a brake caliper angle defined by a caliper fixing axis and a wheel traveling direction, and the stress detecting sensor is mounted substantially at the brake caliper angle with respect to the wheel traveling direction and parallel to the caliper fixing axis.

Abstract: In an anti-lock brake system mounted on a vehicle wherein when the vehicle is braked in an emergency during running, an increase in the road surface friction force or road surface friction coefficient owing to an increase in the brake pressure is detected by a road surface friction force detecting device or road surface friction coefficient detecting device. The optimum control start point associated with an increase in the signal value of the road surface friction force F or road surface friction coefficient &mgr; provided by the road surface friction force detecting device or road surface friction coefficient detecting device is decided by using a decrease in the wheel speed, i.e., by using the wheel speed &ohgr; or d&ohgr;/dt. Thereafter, from the point where the specified value of control based on F or &mgr;, or dF/dt or d&mgr;/dt, the brake pressure is moved from the pressure increasing mode to the pressure retaining or decreasing mode.

Abstract: A vehicular antilock brake control system does not require a lengthy extension piping from its actuator. The system provides for an accurate controlling method for maximizing a calculated road surface friction coefficient. Each wheel has a control unit consisting of a stress sensor, a controller and an actuator installed at the respective wheel. A stress value is detected, representative of road surface friction value or road surface friction coefficient value, for the corresponding wheel independently of the other wheels. In response to the output signal of the sensor, the controller regulates the actuator which controls brake fluid pressure applied to the respective wheel.

Abstract: In an anti-lock brake system mounted on a vehicle wherein when the vehicle is braked in an emergency during running, an increase in the road surface friction force or road surface friction coefficient owing to an increase in the brake pressure is detected by a road surface friction force detecting device or road surface friction coefficient detecting device. The optimum control start point associated with an increase in the signal value of the road surface friction force F or road surface friction coefficient &mgr; provided by the road surface friction force detecting device or road surface friction coefficient detecting device is decided by using a decrease in the wheel speed, i.e., by using the wheel speed &ohgr; or d&ohgr;/dt. Thereafter, from the point where the specified value of control based on F or &mgr;, or dF/dt or d&mgr;/dt, the brake pressure is moved from the pressure increasing mode to the pressure retaining or decreasing mode.

Abstract: A device for measuring action force of a wheel includes a vehicle axle upon which the wheel is mounted, the vehicle axle having a stress neutral line, and a stress detecting sensor having at least one strain gauge. The stress detecting sensor is disposed within the vehicle axle so as to detect at least one of a horizontal shear stress and a vertical sheer stress with the at least one strain gauge being one of aligned with or proximate the stress neutral line thereby permitting substantial removal of axle torque influence from an output of the stress detecting sensor. A signal processing circuit processes the output of the stress detecting sensor.

Abstract: A stress composite sensor has sensor elements each including a base plate having a rectangular configuration and a first main surface and a second main surface opposite the first main surface, a pair of first strain gauges disposed on the first main surface crossing one another, a pair second strain gauges disposed on a the second main surface crossing one another, the first pair of strain gauges and the second pair of strain gauges being symmetrically disposed with respect to a center plane of the base plate; and bridge circuits incorporating the first pair of strain gauges and the second pair of strain gauges. The sensor elements include X-sensor elements for measuring stress in an X-direction, Y-sensor elements for measuring stress in a Y-direction, and Z-sensor elements for measuring stress in a Z-direction. Arithmetic circuits calculate stress from outputs of the bridge circuits.

Abstract: Action force of a wheel is measured in order to measure the road surface frictional force, vertical drag, road surface friction coefficient, etc. Means for making these measurements can be constituents of an antilock brake system, traction control system, etc. These constituents may also serve as devices for measuring stresses generated in other structures. In a specific example, axle of a vehicle is formed with a hole, a stress detection sensor is installed in the hole and secured in position with the aid of a spacer element, and a detection signal from the stress detection sensor is processed in a signal processing circuit.

Abstract: A wheel-acting force measuring device permits accurate measurement of road surface friction force and normal counter force by eliminating cross talk due to brake torque. Torsional stress produced upon application of the brakes is minimized by disposing a stress detecting sensor within a hole formed in or adjacent an axle of a vehicle, the hole being oriented at or about a brake caliper angle.

Abstract: Road surface frictional force is sensed by measuring the strain of a tire or the strain in the vicinity of a wheel of a vehicle, and the sensing of the road surface frictional force is part of an antilock braking system in which, cyclically, brake fluid pressure is increased when the road surface frictional force increases in response to increase of the brake fluid pressure and decreased when the road surface frictional force decreases despite increase of the brake fluid pressure and brake fluid pressure is increased again when the road surface frictional force decreases in response to decreasing of the brake fluid pressure.

Abstract: Road surface friction is sensed by measuring strain on a structure of a vehicle in the vicinity of a wheel of the vehicle. Road surface friction coefficient is determined by measuring strain on a structure of a vehicle in the vicinity of a wheel of the vehicle thereby to produce signal outputs proportional to road surface frictional force and vertical load and calculating the road surface friction coefficient from the outputs.

Abstract: The invention is intended to provide a stress measuring device for a structure, wherein a plurality of stress sensors are composited or integrated to provide an integrated single-packaged stress composite sensor, the latter being used to deliver X-axis, X- and Z-axis or X-, Y- and Z-axis direction stress signals produced in the structure or deliver stress signals in selected directions, so as to make it possible to measure stresses.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a stress detecting and measuring method wherein in order to measure a shearing strain alone associated with a stress acting in an intended direction, the stress being one of the stresses acting on an axle of a vehicle or a structure having a fixed support point adjacent the axle, the conditions for the optimum position where a stress sensor is to be mounted are indicated. Further, the invention is intended to provide a stress detecting device which accurately measures a shearing strain alone associated with a stress acting in an intended direction by further separating a plurality of stresses acting on a stress sensor. For example, in the case where stresses are applied in two directions to a structure having a fixed support point, in order to measure a shearing strain alone associated with a stress acting in an intended direction, a stress sensor should be mounted in a position which is a transformation knot zone for the other stress strain, i.e.

Abstract: A wheel-acting force measuring device permits accurate measurement of a shearing stress by removing a torsional stress component measured by a stress detector. A stress sensor includes four sensor segments which measure stress by a change in a characteristic thereof, arranged two on each of opposed surfaces of a base, preferably in cross form. The four sensor segments can be combined into various circuit configurations to produce a combined characteristic for each combination, each associated with a measurement of a particular stress acting on a wheel. In a preferred case, the four sensor segments are strain gauges, each which form part of a bridge circuit shiftably connected to allow the relative connection of each segment to be altered, thereby changing the configuration of the bridge. When in a first configuration, the output of the bridge circuit indicates primarily shearing strain mixed with a torsional strain component.

Abstract: According to the motor vehicle braking apparatus of the present invention, the engine throttle valve is closed when the driver treads the accelerator pedal to an extent exceeding a predetermined range, and the brakes are applied when the driver further treads the accelerator pedal to an extent equal to or greater than a predetermined limit. The braking force is adjusted according to the accelerator pedal treading. When the accelerator pedal treading is released to an extent equal to or greater than a predetermined limit, the application of the brakes is released. However, the engine throttle valve still remains closed. The normal function as the accelerator pedal is restored only after the accelerator pedal treading has been released to an extent near the level causing the accelerator pedal to be fully released.