Abstract: A grate bar for a furnace grate lining is disclosed. The grate exhibits lateral contact surfaces and external ribs on its lower side in the vicinity of the contact surfaces. At least one jet-like air channel is in part formed by a recess in at least one lateral contact surface between adjoining grate bars.

Abstract: A grate for use in industrial furnaces has a frame which supports a number of elongated parallel grate bars having a T-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional outline. One end portion of each bar has a socket which overlies a portion of an elongated rail forming part of or secured to the frame. The other end portions or the regions close to the other end portions of the bars are coupled to each other by a transverse shaft which holds the bars against movement at right angles to their longitudinal extensions and away from the frame. A second coupling system is provided close to the end portion of each bar to hold the bars against movement in the aforementioned direction. The second coupling system may include lateral projections provided on the bars and extending below or into openings of the neighboring bars. Alternatively, the second coupling system may include locking bolts which are affixed to or movable transversely of alternate bars and extend below or into openings of one or both neighboring bars.

Abstract: A grate for industrial furnaces wherein each row of grate bars includes alternating stationary and reciprocable bars. The stationary bars which flank a reciprocable bar are connected to each other by a bolt which extends transversely of the stationary bars and of the reciprocable bar therebetween and has hook-shaped end portions or screws engaging the inner sides of ribs forming part of the stationary bars and adjacent to the respective side of the reciprocable bar. The median portion of the bolt extends through elongated slots in the ribs which are provided at the underside of the reciprocable bar. The latter moves with respect to the bolt and with respect to the adjacent stationary bars.

Abstract: A grate wherein several steps of alternating partly overlapping mobile and stationary grate bars are adjacent to a compensating device which expands or contracts to compensate for heat-induced variations of the width of adjacent steps. The compensating device supports or is adjacent to a sealing device having auxiliary bars which abut against the side faces of adjacent mobile grate bars and abut against the top faces of adjacent stationary grate bars. The side faces of the stationary bars are separated from the sealing device and from the compensating device by permanent clearances which are overlapped by the auxiliary bars. The auxiliary bars rest on the stationary bars and are biased against the side faces of the respective mobile bars by weights or springs of the compensating device.

Abstract: A moisture-containing viscous secondary fuel is combusted in the chamber of an industrial furnace by comminuting the secondary fuel to a particle size of 5-50 mm and propelling the particles at an initial speed of 1-10 m/sec. onto a layer of intensely burning primary fuel, such as solid refuse, coal or wood. The particles are propelled from a level at 0.5-2 m above the burning layer and in such a way that the length of their flight spans is 0.2-2 m. This insures that the particles retain moisture during travel in the combustion chamber and do not agglomerate prior and/or subsequent to contacting the burning layer of primary fuel. The rate of admission of comminuted secondary fuel is regulated in dependency on changes of temperature in the chamber, in dependency on changes of the CO.sub.2 or O.sub.2 content of combustion products and/or in dependency on variations of a parameter (e.g., length) of the burning layer of primary fuel.

Abstract: Apparatus which compensates for thermally induced changes in the width of gaps between longitudinally extending marginal portions of grate sections in industrial furnaces has two rows of plate-like cheeks which abut against the marginal portions of neighboring sections and can swivel on fulcra defined by the webs of inverted U-shaped supporting devices whose legs are turnable about pivots mounted in a frame and extending in parallelism with the marginal portions of grate sections. The cheeks are urged away from each other and against the marginal portions of neighboring grate sections by pairs of two-armed levers mounted on a common shaft which is biased downwardly by a package of dished springs through the medium of a pull rod. The cheeks of each row are secured to plate-like carriers which are disposed between the respective rows of cheeks and the corresponding arms of the levers and are swingable on the associated fulcra.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing slag, which is quenched in a liquid-containing vessel, has a forwardly and upwardly sloping chute receiving batches of quenched slag through the medium of a first pusher which is reciprocable along the bottom of the vessel whereby the chute accumulates a column of slag which overflows at the discharge end of the chute. The overflowing slag descends onto the upper side of a first forwardly and upwardly inclined bottom wall in front of a second reciprocable pusher which performs a forward stroke when the first pusher performs a return stroke and vice versa. The second pusher spreads and advances the slag toward and beyond the discharge end of the first bottom wall so that the slag descends onto a second bottom wall which is swept by a third reciprocable pusher.

Abstract: A combustion chamber is arranged above a burner grate, and a fragmentizing device fragmentizes refuse and forwards it to the combustion chamber in form a mix composed of lighter and heavier refuse particles. The lighter refuse particles become combusted in the combustion chamber whereas the heavier refuse particles drop out of the combustion chamber through an opening of the same and become deposited on the burner grate where they themselves become combusted.

Abstract: A combustion chamber has a lower end provided with a grate, and an inlet admits unclassified refuse into a comminutor wherein it is comminuted and forms a heavier particle fraction and a lighter particle fraction. The fraction having the heavier particles is directly admitted onto the grate, whereas the fraction having the smaller and lighter particles is subjected to a second comminution to convert the smaller particles into fine particles which are then admitted, either directly or indirectly, into the combustion chamber upwardly of the grate so that they become incinerated in the combustion chamber while floating therein. A method of incinerating refuse is also disclosed.