Abstract: An external conductive protection tube has in a front half wall thereof a front opening formed therein with a front open area large enough to leave molten metal running in due course to inflow therethrough inside the protection tube and advance as it moves, substantially passing by a dipped length of a solid electrolyte tube installed in the protection tube, spreading between the tubes, and in a rear half wall thereof a rear opening formed therein with a rear open area large enough to leave the inflowing molten metal advancing as it moves to pass therethrough, flowing outside the protection tube.

Abstract: A temperature sensor element in a temperature-measuring device using a thermocouple having excellent insulation property and having a simple assembly procedure is provided. The temperature sensor element comprises a temperature-measuring means consisting of a heat-resistant protective tube having a thermocouple inserted therethrough, compensating conduction means having connecting sections which connect a pair of extension sections of a thermocouple element extending from the protective tube respectively, and support means to join and hold mutually the temperature-measuring means and the compensating conduction means. The end of the protective tube and the compensating conduction means are held under the condition that they face the support means and that the extension sections of the thermocouple element and the connecting sections of the compensating conduction means are inserted into holding chamber means provided in the support means.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously measuring temperatures of molten metal including a thermocouple unit (A) and an immersion protection tube unit (B), wherein the thermocouple unit (A) comprises a thermocouple (1) having an end equipped with a temperature sensing element (8) and an opposite end connected to terminals (2), an insulator (9) of substantially one piece containing the thermocouple (1), a porcelain protection tube (6) of high airtightness containing the insulator (9), and a terminal box (3) having an extension sleeve (5) with which the upper part of the porcelain protection tube (6) is held and having a housing (20) which contains the terminals (2). The immersion protection tube unit (B) comprises an alumina-graphite protection tube (21), a holding sleeve (22) with a flange which is connected to the upper part of the alumina-graphite protection tube (21), and a connecting sleeve (26) connected with the holding sleeve (22).

Abstract: An apparatus for determining carbon contents in molten metal comprising an entrance chamber with an entry port in a side wall, a sampling chamber, a ring-shaped disk to be set between both chambers and a temperature sensing means which is protected from the flowing sample metal by a protective thermal insulation member, protruding through the entrance chamber to the sampling chamber. The molten metal flowing from the entry port is cooled by contacting with the protective thermal insulation member. The insulation member will turn to be a riser when the sample metal starts solidifying in the sampling chamber. Thus enabling precise rapid carbon determination and simultaneously offering appropriate specimen for spectrographic analysis.