Abstract: The present invention relates to laser dyes having improved characteristics comprising substituted and unsubstituted ring-bridged p-oligophenylenes having at least four and no more than 8 phenyl groups. These improved laser dyes can be excited by pump lasers and are capable of producing stimulated coherent emission in the near ultraviolet range, particularly in the range below 400 nm, and have improved photostability. The p-oligophenylenes used according to the invention have the following characteristics:(a) the number of bridges is a number from 1 to 7 but only one bridge exists between two adjacent phenylene groups;(b) each bridge in the O,O'-cis position engages two adjacent phenylene groups;(c) the bridges represent the same and/or different species from a defined group; and(d) the phenylene rings may either be unsubstituted, except for the bridges, or one or several phenylene rings in the molecule, independent of whether they are bridged or not, may have one or two radicals R.sub.

Abstract: In a method for immobilizing a radioactive noble gas in a zeolite matrix by pressing the noble gas, after heat treatment of the zeolite matrix, into the cavities of the structure of the zeolite matrix under high pressure, and cooling the matrix while maintaining the pressure in order to encapsulate the gas in the cavities, use is made of a zeolite matrix composed of an alkaline earth metal exchanged zeolite having a 0.5 nm pore diameter and of the general compositionM.sub.6 [AlO.sub.2).sub.12 (SiO.sub.2).sub.12 ]. H.sub.2 O,where M is Mg, Ca, Ba or Sr.

Abstract: Alpha and beta particles containing samples are detected to generate deter pulses wherein the leading edge of the pulses rise particle specifically almost constantly during a predetermined time with the slope of the pulses generated by alpha particles being substantially greater than the slope of the pulses generated by the beta particles. This physical phenomenon which is substantially independent of the energy of the particles is utilized for discrimination to determine which type of particle produced the pulse.The linear starting region of the leading edge of the detector pulse is time discriminated in the nanosecond range. During the time given by the time discrimination, the detector pulses of alpha particles reach substantially higher amplitude values than the detector pulses generated by beta particles.

Abstract: A method for producing a component of a separation element for separating a aseous or vaporous mixture into fractions, which element is composed of a plurality of separating nozzle structures presenting passages defining mixture supply channels, separating chambers and fraction discharge channels, which method includes: forming a negative mold of the component by: providing a plate of a selected material whose ability to be removed from the plate is influenced by application of selected radiation; irradiating portions of the plate with such radiation in a pattern corresponding to the passages presented by the nozzle structure and to an extent such that material outside of the regions delimiting the passages is removable more easily than material within those regions; and removing the more easily removable material from the plate to create the negative mold of the component and forming the component by: filling the openings in the negative mold with a second material to create a solid plate-shaped member; and

Abstract: A pump for driving a liquid, particularly liquid helium, has an electromatic drive contained in its entirety in the pump housing for generating an axially oriented force to reciprocate the pumping member. The electromagnetic drive has a stationary electromagnet supported in the pump housing and including an annular air gap and an energizing solenoid for generating a magnetic flux in the air gap. The electromagnetic drive further has a coil carrier attached to the pumping member to move therewith as a unit; the coil carrier has a travelling path passing through the air gap and being parallel to the pump axis. Further, a moving coil is mounted on the coil carrier for traversing the magnetic flux in the air gap, whereby an electromagnetic force parallel to the pump axis is exerted on the moving coil for displacing the moving coil, the coil carrier and the pumping member as a unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuous measurement, by X-ray fluorescence lysis, of the elemental content of a slurry, independently of slurry density and slurry composition. The slurry, a source of primary radiation, a target, and a detector are arranged so that the slurry passes between the source and the detector, and a portion of the primary radiation excites the elements in the slurry to emit elemental X-ray radiation. The primary radiation also excites the target, to emit target radiation which passes through the slurry. The primary, target, and elemental radiations are absorbed by the detector, and the absorbed radiations are evaluated to determine the elemental content of the slurry.

Abstract: A method for producing a molded body containing highly radioactive wastes. The wastes are mixed with molten glass or are melted together with glass formers, and converted into glass granules or glass powder. These granules or powder are mixed with a metal powder containing at least one of the metals lead, iron, silver, cobalt, nickel and tin, and the mixture is condensed at pressures of 25 to 500 Newtons/mm.sup.2 to form a molded body.

Abstract: Method for solidifying high and medium radioactivity and/or actinide containing aqueous waste concentrates or fine-grained solid wastes suspended in water for final noncontaminating storage. The waste concentrates or suspensions are set, by evaporation, to a water content in the range between 40 and 80 percent by weight, and a solid content whose metal ion and/or metal oxide component lies between 10 and 30 percent by weight of the evaporate being formed. The pH of the evaporate is set to between 5 and 10. The resulting evaporate is then pelletized with the aid of a clay-like substance. The pellets are then heat treated, including drying at temperatures between room temperature and about 150.degree. C., then calcining at room temperatures up to about 800.degree. C. and subsequently firing at temperatures between 800.degree. C. and 1400.degree. C. to form practically undissolvable mineral phases. The pellets are then enclosed on all sides in a dense, continuous ceramic or metallic matrix.

Abstract: A separating nozzle element composed of a separating body and end plates enclosing the body, for separating components of gaseous or vaporous mixtures, the separating body being provided with separating structures which delimit separating chambers and gas conduits and the end plates being provided with channels for supplying gas to, and removing gas streams from, the separating chambers and conduits, in which the separating body is produced in successive contiguous layers by carrying out the following sequence of steps a plurality of times until a given separating body thickness is achieved: providing a mold layer; irradiating selected portions of the layer with radiation in a spatial pattern corresponding to the separating structures to render only selected regions of the layer which correspond to the separating structures removable in a predetermined manner; removing the selected regions; and filling the spaces thus created in the layer with a material which is compatible with the gaseous or vaporous mixtur

Abstract: Every image point of an image of a sample formed by an optical objective, focussed by, for each image point, deriving a representation of the autocorrelation function of the brightness distribution of the image of that image point, deriving a representation of the average of the autocorrelation function of the brightness distribution of a plurality of image points in the region of that image point, deriving a representation constituting a function of the quotient formed by dividing the representation of the autocorrelation function for that image point by the representation of the average of the autocorrelation function, and varying the distance between the objective and the sample while iteratively performing the above steps of deriving for determining the distance at which the function of the quotient has a maximum value.

Abstract: An apparatus for decomposing difficultly soluble substances and oxidizing organic wastes which contain difficultly soluble substances, in which the substances and/or wastes are reacted with at least one hot acid, and from apparatus which heat losses are compensated. The apparatus comprises a ring-shaped reaction vessel including at least one horizontally extending region and at least one vertically extending region. A feeder is connected to the vertically extending region for the addition to the reaction vessel of substances and/or wastes, acid, and gas. A degasificaton zone is connected to the horizontally extending region.

Abstract: A device for evaluating the exposure of a phosphate glass dosimeter to ioing radiation by effecting differential scanning of the dosimeter glass with light radiation, including a member for holding the glass stationary, a device for supplying a single beam of light for effecting the evaluation; and a scanning system composed of an element defining a pivotal, elongated slit, two rotatable mirrors and two stationary mirrors arranged in the path of the single beam and operable for causing the beam to scan the glass selectively along any one of three coordinates.

Abstract: In order to replenish a helium bath in the super-conducting rotor of an electrical machine, in which bath liquid helium boils at subatmospheric pressure, with liquid helium from a helium reservoir, the liquid helium in the reservoir being at ambient pressure and a part of the liquid helium changing to the vapor phase during flow from the reservoir to the bath, liquid helium is introduced into the bath at a distance from the rotor axis of rotation, the liquid and vapor phases of the helium flowing from the reservoir to the bath are separated from one another in a phase separator fixed to the rotor, and the separated vapor phase is extracted from the separator.

Abstract: To effect a self-regulating replenishment of helium from a reservoir into a helium pool in the superconducting rotor of a generator, in which helium in the pool boils at subatmospheric pressure, and a portion of the helium being transferred from the reservoir changes to the vapor phase, and in which both helium phases are delivered into the helium pool at a distance from the axis of rotor rotation, the two helium phases are separated from one another, and the liquid and vapor phases are introduced separately into the pool at respectively different distances from the axis of rotor rotation, the liquid phase being introduced at a greater distance than the vapor phase from the axis, and the vapor phase being introduced into the pool at a distance from the axis of rotor rotation which is greater than that of the vapor/liquid interface in the pool.

Abstract: A process for the production of a flexible superconductor comprising a carbon fiber having thereon a layer of niobium carbonitride, and an outer layer of a highly conductive metal. Initially, niobium is deposited on the fiber, and the niobium-coated fiber is then exposed to gaseous sources of carbon and nitrogen while the temperature is subsequently raised.

Abstract: A method for producing, by electroforming, a nozzle body having an inner ket surface whose slope can be made variable and, in particular, can be formed to change direction, along its axis of symmetry. An electrolytic metal deposit is applied to a previously produced base body having the negative shape of the nozzle body so as to form the positive nozzle body after which the base body is removed by chemical or mechanical means. The base body is made of a plurality of parts and these parts are aligned with respect to one another in such a manner that the tip of one part is centered and held coaxially with the axis of symmetry either in the tip or in the base surface of another part.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating isotopes of an element where the isots are present in the form of molecules and where the isotopes participate in the vibrations of the molecules and are excited by means of radiation and then separated. Isotopes or elements with a defined nucleon-number are selected in which a shift of the band edges in their absorption spectra is present due to the isotopy effect, and radiation that is used lies within that frequency interval in which the absorption coefficient of one isotope of an isotope mixture or several isotopes of an isotope mixture is greater than that of the other isotope or the remaining portion of the isotopes, respectively.