Abstract: A method and apparatus for the thermal treatment of pulverulent raw material in the manufacture of cement clinker including passing raw material first through a multi-stage preheating treatment including cyclones arranged following one another, next passing the material through a reaction stack for calcination, then passing the material through a sintering kiln and thereafter through a clinker cooler, the exhaust air from the clinker cooler and the exhaust gas from the sintering kiln being passed parallel to the each other with the material discharged into conduits respectively carrying the discharged clinker cooler air and the sintering gases with burners in the conduits and the gases thereafter passing up through the reaction stack and then through a separator and into the sintering kiln.

Abstract: For reducing the specific energy outlay in the grinding-drying of damp initial material, a circulating grinding system including a comminution machine, particularly an impact hammer, which is followed, via a sifter, by a high-pressure roll press operated in accord with the principle of product bed comminution, whereby the product admission of an impact hammer mill is connected to the feed for fresh initial material and the product discharge of a roll press is in communication with a product admission and/or with a product discharge of an impact hammer mill.

Abstract: A mechanism and method for the comminuting and grinding of brittle grinding stock including a roll press with the material passed from the roll press to a deagglomeration drum which co-rotates with the tube mill. The material from the deagglomeration drum is passed to the tube mill and the material from the tube mill being passed to a separator. In one form the material from the separator is passed to a second separator and the coarser products from the second separator are led back to the tube mill with an airstream conducting the finer material from the tube mill to the first separator.

Abstract: A first container for receiving fine-grained material to be dewatered with a concentric outer second container for receiving material from the first container and separating liquid, means for driving the containers in unison, circumferentially separated radial first and second plates connected to the first and second containers respectively, rubber blocks between the plates, and means for separately imparting vibration motion to the first and second containers with the vibrations being accommodated by the rubber blocks.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuous pressure comminution of brittle grinding stock such as cement clinker wherein simultaneous operations of unit grain comminution and product bed comminution are carried out in the roller gap of the same roller machine in such a manner that the grinding stock is first precomminuted by means of the unit grain comminution in a wider roller gap and immediately thereafter, the grinding stock fragments produced in the unit grain comminution are further comminuted by the technique of product bed comminution in the region of the narrowest roller gap. The continuous pressure comminution is characterized by a high pressure of more than 2 metric tons per centimeter of roller length, with a sifter being provided after the pressure roller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calcining an aluminum hydroxide source to an aluminum oxide in which the amount of the .alpha.-modification can be controlled from very low to very high values. In accordance with the present invention, the calcination of the source material takes place in two stages, in the first of which the material is preheated with air and then passed to a fluidized bed calciner after which it is delivered to a holding cyclone. In the second stage, the previously calcined material which may contain up to about 80% of the .alpha.-modification is calcined further in a rotary tubular kiln which is followed downsteam by a cooler.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the pyrometallurgical treatment of fine grained solids such as non-ferrous metal ore concentrates with an oxygen-containing gas wherein the solids are mixed with the gas to form a suspension which is blown through a nozzle into a reaction chamber such as a vertical melting cyclone. In the reaction chamber, the solids are brought to reaction and melted. The invention is concerned with injecting a particle stream through the reaction zone as a focused open jet having mass flow velocity of greater than 50 kg/m.sup.2 .multidot.sec and having a linear speed of more than 35 m/sec. The particle stream is ignited by the hot combustion gases thereof or by a pilot flame. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the particle stream is directed along a horizontal secant of the chamber to the opposite wall.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling or preheating combustion air of a supercharged internal combustion engine. The heat exchanger is formed of a self-contained system including elements provided with a heat accumulating active medium which is in a heat exchange relationship with the combustion air. The elements of the self-contained system are preferably filled with a heat accumulating active medium which acts as a latent accumulator at operating temperatures.

Abstract: A control valve for a fuel injector, especially of an air-compressing, spontaneous-ignition, internal combustion engine. The control valve includes a valve body in the form of a piston valve which is axially movable in a housing chamber into a closure position and an open position, with the closure position being determined by a valve seat on the housing, and a seating surface edge on the piston valve. The housing chamber includes at least one high pressure connection, and a low pressure connection. The basic problem with a control valve of this general type is that when the piston valve strikes the valve seat, rebound movements are carried out by the piston valve, so that the closure position can only be reliably assumed after a certain time delay, thus negatively influencing the injection process.

Abstract: A cone crusher is provided for fine and superfine comminution and a high throughput performance. The largest open gap clearance between the crushing mantle and the crushing cone in the region of the crushing zone is not smaller than the grain size of the feed product to be comminuted as heretofore known, but larger than such grain size. A so-called stratified crushing occurs under the filling pressure of a relatively high column of feed product, wherein the grains of the feed product are not individually crushed per se between the crushing tools, but largely mutually crush one another in the crushing gap.

Abstract: The bonding of highly wear-resistant plates, particularly ceramic plates, to a carrier to be protected against wear, particularly the spiral of the conveyor worm of a screw-type centrifuge, has been achieved by welding or sintering. This, however, is relatively complicated and involves increased expenditures of time and cost. In accord with the invention, however, the connection or bonding of highly wear-resistant plates to a carrier to be protected against wear is improved and simplified in that a composite material (3) is thermally embedded between the highly wear-resistant plate (1) and the carrier (2).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning combustible waste materials such as municipal and other refuse, utilizing combustion of the waste materials in a rotary tubular kiln at temperatures above 1200.degree. C., using combustion air in the temperature range between 300.degree. and 800.degree. C. with a small air excess and a reduced quantity of flue gas. The invention further includes heat transfer from the hot flue gas into the combustion air by means of a heat exchanging solid, whereby the solid is heated in contact with the flue gas and subsequently is cooled in contact with air. This air is heated to combustion air temperature and is conducted to the firing of the rotary kiln. The solid may also simultaneously bond noxious substances in the flue gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of hazardous and waste materials of low heat content, for example, refuse, by means of combustion wherein the combustion process is carried out in a furnace by the presence of added hot combustion air at a temperature sufficient so that the combustion and/or flue gas temperatures are at least 1250.degree. C. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the combustion process is combined with a process for the production of cement clinker and carried out parallel to the same, wherein air at about 800.degree. C. is branched off for combustion of the hazardous substances from the cooler air of the cement clinker installation and introduced into the furnace. The hot flue gas of the combustion in the furnace is directed into the cement clinker installation. The invention further contemplates that calcium-containing carbonate carriers can be added to the refuse.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing molten metals and/or slags thereof which involves top-blowing at least one reduction gas stream wherein fine grained coal or coke particles and injected for covering the surface of the molten metal beyond the blow impression formed by the reduction gas stream. The particles of the stream are at least partially gasified into a carbon monoxide (CO) contained reduction gas stream before they hit the metal surface, so that a mixture of carbon monoxide and coke is blown onto the metal surface together with the reduction gas stream. The coke particles are then radially moved toward the outside of the blow impression at all sides to form a thin veil beyond the perimeter of the blow impressions.

Abstract: Washing out of a grease fill and loss of the barrier effect with respect to dust is avoided in a labyrinth seal of a cone crusher, the labyrinth seal comprising a vertical labyrinth filled with grease and a horizontal labyrinth formed of at least one groove on the circumference of the inner sealing half and of at least one groove, and webs, on the inner circumference of the outer sealing half of the labyrinth seal.

Abstract: A fuel injection arrangement for air-compressing, spontaneous-ignition, internal combustion engines. The arrangement includes at least one electromagnetic control valve via which a high-pressure channel of a fuel injection pump can be connected with a low-pressure channel. The control valve includes a valve body which is in the form of a piston valve, is spring-loaded, and is axially movable in a housing chamber which is provided with at least one connection on the high-pressure end, and with a connection on the low-pressure end. The piston valve is in operative connection with an electromagnetic adjusting device which can preferably be controlled by an electrically-operating data processor. The piston valve region on the high-pressure end is delimited by a valve seat and has a fixed diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the valve seat. The piston valve region on the low-pressure end has a diameter which is less than that of the piston valve region on the high-pressure end.

Abstract: An arrangement for cooling the pistons and cylinder sleeves of an internal combustion engine. An annular cooling chamber is provided in the piston, and is open along the circumferential surface of the piston in the direction toward the cylinder sleeve. This cooling chamber is divided into subchambers over a portion of its axial height. Cooling medium is supplied into a given subchamber, while cooling medium is withdrawn in the adjacent subchamber. The portion of the cooling chamber which is free of partitions may be embodied as an annular groove which is disposed radially inwardly of the piston rings. The particular cooling effect is essentially brought about by the back and forth movement of the cooling medium not only axially but also in the circumferential direction in the annular groove. In so doing, the cooling medium wets the cylinder sleeve during the up and down movement of the piston.

Abstract: A change-speed gear in group-type construction with a main gear-shifting mechanism and a group gearing connected thereto. A primary shaft drives a main shaft selectively via gears of an intermediate shaft or by direct coupling of the primary shaft and the main shaft and at different speeds. The gears of the main shaft furthermore mesh with gears of the group stages of the group gearing; these latter gears are freely rotatably mounted on an output shaft and can be coupled therewith. To eliminate components and to provide a compact change-speed gear, one gear of the intermediate shaft, in addition to its function as shifting gear of the main gear-shifting mechanism, at the same times performs the function of a reversing gear for the reverse group of the group gearing.

Abstract: A fuel injection system, especially for air-compressing, spontaneous ignition reciprocating piston internal combustion engines. At least one parameter which characterizes the injection process, such as beginning and duration of the injection, is adapted to be regulated by at least one electromagnetic control valve per cylinder unit which can be controlled by an electrically operating data processor as a function of characteristic operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. In order to compensate for transmission deviations of the electromagnetic control valves caused by wear and operation, the control pulses of the data processor are transmitted to each electromagnetic control valve via a suitable circuit in such a way that the control valve opens and/or closes with a constant time delay during each control procedure. The constant time delay of the control valve can be established as a function of the actual speed of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An apparatus for a tractor having a rear and front implement attachment mechanism. Each such mechanism has a hydraulic power lift which acts on it. The power lifts have in common a regulator and control device with a changeover valve. By activating this changeover valve, selectively one of the power lifts can be regulated in conformity with the provided adjustment features, such as the actual values of the position, of the cylinder pressure, etc., while at the same time the other power lift is connected with a control member for random influence of this last-mentioned power lift.