Abstract: Improved laser-induced shockwave lithotripsy in which pulsed laser radiation situated in the infrared region is concentrated by means of an optical wave guide at a concrement to be destroyed which is surrounded with an aqueous rinsing liquid. The concrement is destroyed mechanically by laser-induced breakdown of the rinsing liquid, giving rise to shockwave and cavitation. The improvement resides in the presence in the rinsing liquid of a metal compound selected from the group consisting of water-soluble salts of metals of the ferrous group of the periodic table, complex compounds of said metals of the ferrous group of the periodic table, water-soluble salts of magnesium and water-soluble salts of calcium, the metal compounds being present in a concentration not exceeding 50 mmol/l, relative to their metal content. The presence of the metal compounds lowers the energy required for said breakdown.

Abstract: A nutrient solution for complete parenteral feeding and for increased energy production, for administration to patients in the post-aggression phase, which contains, in aqueous solution, per 25 parts by weight of an aminoacid mixture, at most 50 parts by weight of glucose or glucose substitutes or both, and 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of L-carnitine in the form of one of its salts. Preferably, the solution also contains electrolytes.

Abstract: Infusion solution for the treatment of human patients with heptic encephalopathy which consists essentially of a sterile aqueous solution of L-valine and has a pH-value of 7,4 to 7,5. This infusion solution when intravenously administered to patients in an amount of 20-85 mg/kg of body weight per hour influences hepatic encephalopathy in a very advantageous manner.