Abstract: A medical/surgical microscope with two cameras configured to capture two dimensional images of specimens being observed. The medical/surgical microscope is secured to a control apparatus configured to adjust toe-in of the two cameras to insure the convergence of the images. The medical/surgical microscope includes a computer system with a non-transitory memory apparatus for storing computer program code configured for digitally rendering real-world medical/surgical images. The medical/surgical microscope has an illumination system with controls for focusing and regulating the lighting of a specimen. The medical/surgical microscope is configured for real-time video display with the function of recording and broadcasting simultaneously during surgery.

Abstract: A medical/surgical microscope with two cameras configured to capture two dimensional images of specimens being observed. The medical/surgical microscope is secured to a control apparatus configured to adjust toe-in of the two cameras to insure the convergence of the images. The medical/surgical microscope includes a computer system with a non-transitory memory apparatus for storing computer program code configured for digitally rendering real-world medical/surgical images. The medical/surgical microscope has an illumination system with controls for focusing and regulating the lighting of a specimen. The medical/surgical microscope is configured for real-time video display with the function of recording and broadcasting simultaneously during surgery.

Abstract: A fiber optic protection apparatus includes a first optical switch, a first fault detection device, and first switch control device. The first optical switch is placed at the reception node of an optical link and has a primary input port connected to a primary optical transmission path. A secondary input port is connected to one secondary optical transmission path. The first fault detection device is in communication with the primary optical transmission path to identify a fault within the primary optical transmission path and to generate a fault signal indicating type or location of the fault. The fault signal is transferred to the first switch control device that is in communication with the optical switch. This causes the optical switch to connect one of the secondary optical transmission paths to the reception node when the fault signal indicates that the primary optical transmission path has a fault.

Abstract: A 2×2 optical switch routs each light signal received from input ports to selected output. The optical switch has an adjustable light signal steering element, a fixed light signal steering element, and a steering element actuator. The adjustable light signal steering element is repositioned by the steering element actuator to selectively place one light signal received from the input ports such that the light signal is transferred from the input port to a selected output port. The fixed light signal steering element is placed in the path of each light signal such the light signals from the input ports is transferred to of mirrors, prisms, and light waveguides, default output ports, when the adjustable light steering element is removed from the path of each light signal.

Abstract: A bi-directional light signal separation device that separates light signals into the component incoming and outgoing light signals has a a female connector that is connected to a near end of a first fiber optic cable conveying the bi-directional light signal. A light signal separation device connected to the female connector to separate the bi-directional light signal into the individual incoming and outgoing light signals. A plurality of second type connectors connected to convey the individual incoming or outgoing light signals. The light signal separation device has a plurality of light filters and reflectors such that a light signal incoming to the second type connector is transmitted through the filter and conveyed to the female connector and such that the light signal incoming from the first connector and reflected by the light filter is reflected and conveyed to be outgoing on the second connector.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuation system has at least one variable optical attenuation device that receives a light signal, attenuates the light signal, and transmits an attenuated light signal. The variable optical attenuator system further has a controller circuit in communication with the variable optical attenuation device to provide an attenuation control signal to the variable optical attenuation device to cause the variable optical attenuation device to adjust an attenuation factor of the variable optical attenuation device. The variable optical attenuator system also has a data retaining device such as an EEPROM in communication with the controller circuit. The data retaining device has a listing of attenuation factors and corresponding attenuation control signals. A communication interface such as a serial data link, within the variable optical attenuator system provides communication between the controller circuit and an external command system.

Abstract: A one-by-N fiber optical switch is provided wherein an optical signal is transmitted between a common optical fiber and one of a plurality of optical fibers. The one-by-N fiber optical switch includes reflector assemblies that are respectively movable between a first position and a second position to route the optical signal between the common optical fiber and the selected optical fiber. The one-by-N optical switch further includes magnetic reflector assembly movers that create electrically induced magnetic forces to respectively move the reflector assemblies between their first positions and second positions. An N-by-N optical switch can be created by cross-connecting a number of input common optical one-by-N switches with an equal number of output common optical one-by-N switches.