Abstract: A 1, 4 bidentate ligand comprising first and second ligand centres, wherein the first ligand centre is an sp2-hybridised carbon or a nitrogen atom; wherein the second ligand centre is a nitrogen atom in a five- or six-membered aromatic or hetero-aromatic ring, said ring having a substantially linear substituent T1 meta or para to the nitrogen atom; wherein T1 has the formula 1: —Ar1a—Y1b—Ar2—[Y2c—Ar2]d—S—B??(1) and wherein T1 is attached to the ring by X1, wherein X1 is a bond, a methylene group, a substituted methylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom, wherein each Ar1 and Ar2 are independently selected from the group of C6 to C20 aromatic and C4 to C20 heteroaromatic groups, wherein Y1 and each Y2 is independently an optionally substituted C2 or acetonitrile trans double-bond linking moiety, wherein a is 0, 1, 2 or 3, wherein b is 0, 1 or 2, wherein each c is independently 0, 1 or 2, wherein d is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, S is a flexible spacer, and B represents a moiety having one or more cross-linkable

Abstract: A compound of Formula (I) D-S1-A-S2—B1,??Formula (I) wherein: A represents a conjugated chain of from 1 to 20 aromatic moieties independently selected from the group consisting of aromatic moieties, heteroaromatic moieties and E moieties, provided that A includes at least one E moiety, wherein E is selected from the group consisting of: E1 being a dibenzo[d,b]silole moiety of the structure: E2 being a moiety of the structure: and E3 being a moiety of the structure: wherein E is connected in the conjugated chain of A and optionally to S1 or to S2 through covalent bonds at Y and Z; wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of straight chain or branched C1-C20 alkyl and C2-C20 alkenyl, optionally wherein from 1 to 5 CH2 groups are each replaced by an oxygen, provided that no acetal, ketal, peroxide or vinyl ether is present in the R group, and optionally wherein each H bonded to a C in each R group may independently be replaced by a halogen; wherein the

Abstract: A compound of the formula, plus devices incorporating this compound, and a method of marking such devices: wherein: A represents a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group or two phenyl groups linked by a C1-C8 alkyl chain; B1 and B2 in each occurrence are independently selected side chains of the structure —(Y1)n-L-(Y2)m—X wherein: Y1 and Y2 in each occurrence are independently selected from O, CO2— and CH2O, m and n in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; L in each occurrence is a C2-C14 straight chain alkyl group; and X in each occurrence is an independently selected cross linkable group; C is a side chain of the structure —(Z1)p-M-(Z2)q-E wherein: Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from O, CO2— and CH2O, p and q in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; M is a C1-C14 straight chain alkyl group; and E comprises a charge transport group; D is a side chain of the structure —(W1)r—N—(W2)s—F wherein: W1 and W2 are independently selected from O, CO2— and

Abstract: Compounds of the formula D-S1-A-S2—B1 wherein A comprises a 2,7-disubstituted 9,9-fluoroalkyl fluorene diradical of the formula wherein S1, S2, D and B1 have meanings given in the description that are useful as charge transport and emissive materials for the fabrication of electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: A charge transporting, liquid crystal photoalignment material comprising a charge transporting moiety connected through covalent chemical bonds to a surface derivatising moiety, and a photoalignment moiety connected through covalent chemical bonds to a surface derivatising moiety.

Abstract: A 1, 4 bidentate ligand comprising first and second ligand centres, wherein the first ligand centre is an sp2-hybridised carbon or a nitrogen atom; wherein the second ligand centre is a nitrogen atom in a five- or six-membered aromatic or hetero-aromatic ring, said ring having a substantially linear substituent T1 meta or para to the nitrogen atom; wherein T1 has the formula 1: —Ar1a—Y1b—Ar2—[Y2c—Ar2]d—S—B??(1) and wherein T1 is attached to the ring by X1, wherein X1 is a bond, a methylene group, a substituted methylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom, wherein each Ar1 and Ar2 are independently selected from the group of C6 to C20 aromatic and C4 to C20 heteroaromatic groups, wherein Y1 and each Y2 is independently an optionally substituted C2 or acetonitrile trans double-bond linking moiety, wherein a is 0, 1, 2 or 3, wherein b is 0, 1 or 2, wherein each c is independently 0, 1 or 2, wherein d is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, S is a flexible spacer, and B represents a moiety having one or more cross-l

Abstract: A compound of Formula (I) D-S1-A-S2—B1,??Formula (I) wherein: A represents a conjugated chain of from 1 to 20 aromatic moieties independently selected from the group consisting of aromatic moieties, heteroaromatic moieties and E moieties, provided that A includes at least one E moiety, wherein E is selected from the group consisting of: E1 being a dibenzo[d,b]silole moiety of the structure: E2 being a moiety of the structure: and E3 being a moiety of the structure: wherein E is connected in the conjugated chain of A and optionally to S1 or to S2 through covalent bonds at Y and Z; wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of straight chain or branched C1-C20 alkyl and C2-C20 alkenyl, optionally wherein from 1 to 5 CH2 groups are each replaced by an oxygen, provided that no acetal, ketal, peroxide or vinyl ether is present in the R group, and optionally wherein each H bonded to a C in each R group may independently be replaced by a halogen; wherein the

Abstract: There is provided organic light emitting diode (OLED) device that include an organic electroluminescent layer formed between a first electrode and a second electrode. The organic electroluminescent layer is formed of a photo-crosslinkable liquid having dichroic molecules therein, and has a grating pattern defined therein by exposure of regions of the organic electroluminescent layer to a light beam. The refractive index of the exposed regions of the organic electroluminescent layer varies across the grating pattern. A method for fabricating the OLED device is also provided that includes providing the organic electroluminescent layer and defining the grating pattern in the photo-crosslinkable liquid by illuminating regions of the organic electroluminescent layer with a light beam. The refractive index of the defined grating pattern is tuned by adjusting the dosage of light to which the photo-crosslinkable liquid is exposed.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) having an organic electroluminescent layer formed between a first electrode and a second electrode. One of the first and second electrodes is a transparent electrode having a surface through which light is emitted from the OLED to the outside. The transparent electrode has a plasmonic photonic crystal structure fabricated having an artificial lattice with a pitch in density variation intermediate in size between a metallic crystal and a photonic crystal formed in the same material as the transparent electrode, thereby operable to suppress propagation of the surface plasmon polaritons at the surface.

Abstract: A compound of the formula, plus devices incorporating this compound, and a method of marking such devices: wherein: A represents a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group or two phenyl groups linked by a C1-C8 alkyl chain; B1 and B2 in each occurrence are independently selected side chains of the structure —(Y1)n-L-(Y2)m—X wherein: Y1 and Y2 in each occurrence are independently selected from O, CO2— and CH2O, m and n in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; L in each occurrence is a C2-C14 straight chain alkyl group; and X in each occurrence is an independently selected cross linkable group; C is a side chain of the structure —(Z1)p-M-(Z2)q-E wherein: Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from O, CO2— and CH2O, p and q in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; M is a C1-C14 straight chain alkyl group; and E comprises a charge transport group; D is a side chain of the structure —(W1)r—N—(W2)s—F wherein: W1 and W2 are independently selected from O, CO

Abstract: Compounds of the formula D-S1-A-S2—B1 wherein A comprises a 2,7-disubstituted 9,9-fluoroalkyl fluorene diradical of the formula wherein S1, S2, D and B1 have meanings given in the description that are useful as charge transport and emissive materials for the fabrication of electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula D-S1-A-S2—B1 wherein A comprises a 2,7-disubstituted 9,9-fluoroalkyl fluorene diradical of the formula wherein S1, S2, D and B1 have meanings given in the description that are useful as charge transport and emissive materials for the fabrication of electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: There is provided an organic light emitting diode (OLED) comprising an organic electroluminescent layer formed between a first electrode and a second electrode, characterized in that one of the first and second electrodes comprises a nano-meter metallic layer having a plasmonic photonic crystal structure formed thereon, and wherein the plasmonic photonic crystal structure is configured to interact with surface plasmon polaritons generated at a surface of the ne electrode thereby providing for transmission of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of between 350 nm to 750 nm from the OLED.

Abstract: OLED materials having the formula: T-A(-S-B(-P-B)m-S-A)n-T where A are independently selected rod-shaped, rigid molecular core units, S are independently selected flexible spacer units, B are polymerisable crosslinking groups independently selected, P are spacer groups independently selected, T are independently selected end groups, m are independently selected from values of from 1 to 4, n is equal to I to 3.

Abstract: There is provided an organic light emitting diode (OLED) comprising an organic electroluminescent layer formed between a first electrode and a second electrode, characterised in that organic electroluminescent layer comprises a nano-structured grating pattern provided therein, wherein the grating is configured to modify the refractive index of the electroluminescent layer.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula D-S1-A-S2—B1 wherein A comprises a 2,7-disubstituted 9,9-fluoroalkyl fluorene diradical of the formula wherein S1, S2, D and B1 have meanings given in the description that are useful as charge transport and emissive materials for the fabrication of electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: A charge transporting, liquid crystal photoalignment material comprising a charge transporting moiety connected through covalent chemical bonds to a surface derivatizing moiety, and a photoalignment moiety connected through covalent chemical bonds to a surface derivatizing moiety.

Abstract: Methods of producing OLED materials containing fluorene ring systems in which two alkyl substituents at the 9-position of fluorene ring are alkyl substituted through key intermediates generically represented by the formula: where X represents a substituent that increases the acidity of the hydrogen atoms on the adjoining methylene group (which is immediately adjacent the fluorene ring systems 9 -position).

Abstract: A non-coherent light emitting device having at least one organic light emitting or organic charge transporting layer and a structure providing a Bragg grating associated with the light emitting layer is described. The organic light emitting layer having liquid crystalline material is treated to provide alternating zones of isotropic and liquid crystalline material. The combination of alternating zones with the dichroic effects of the aligned zone produces a pseudo 2-D Bragg grating within the light emitting layer.

Abstract: Compounds of the general structure: Z-A-(S-B)n where A represents a linear aromatic molecular core, S represents a flexible spacer unit, B represents a crosslinking group such as a methacrylate group, n equals 1 to 3, and Z represents any entity compatible with the B groups, and in which A is a substantially aromatic nucleus containing fluorene ring structures substituted at the 9-position and in which the 9-positions of the fluorenes are not susceptible to oxidation.