Abstract: Systems and methods are described for forming wax shells for use with electric lighting devices. A template can comprise a sleeve that defines an interior space with a removable core at least partially disposed within the interior space. A modular top can be coupled to the sleeve, depending on the desired upper surface of the wax shell.

Abstract: Various designs of electronic lighting devices are disclosed. Contemplated electronic lighting devices comprise a housing, a base, and a light source holder. The housing comprises an internal cavity that typically houses the base and the light source holder. The base is configured to mate with the housing, and the light source holder is affixed to the base. Preferably, the light source holder is configured to receive a light source in an inclined position with respect to the housing, such that light from the light source is emitted through an aperture of the housing and onto a flame element to simulate a real candle light.

Abstract: Lighting devices are described having a fan or other means to move air within the device to thereby cause movement of a flame element to simulate the movement of a real flame. In some embodiments, one or more scent cartridges can be disposed within the devices so that the air exiting the devices can be scented. Preferably, the devices include an air conduit to direct the air against the flame element and thereby increase the efficiency of the devices.

Abstract: Systems and methods of driving a light source, such as a light emitting diode (LED), while minimizing power consumption. Different techniques can be implemented in circuits that eliminate the traditional need for a sense resistor. By eliminating the sense resistor, a LED driving circuit's efficiency can be improved by up to and exceeding 30%. A pulse-width modulator can be used to control current flow in a buck, boost, or buck-boost circuits. Many of the configurations discussed eliminate the need for a sense resistor, which needlessly dissipates power. Others use a sense resistor minimally compared to traditional LED driving circuits.

Abstract: Electronic lighting systems comprising various internal housing assemblies that provide an air channel for air and scented air are contemplated. In some embodiments, an electronic lighting system comprises a housing disposed within the outer cover that supports a flame element. The flame element is allowed to move on the housing to create a realistic candle light effect. Additionally, a scent cartridge can be inserted into the electronic lighting device to create scented air that moves through an air channel in the electronic lighting device. The scented air is distributed by the electronic lighting device to create an enhanced user experience.

Abstract: Electric candles are described having a candle-shaped housing, a flame element extending from the housing and one or more projectors disposed within the candle-shaped housing such that a media file can be projected on to a first surface of the flame element using the pico projector. The flame element could be fixed or move with respect to the housing. The flame element could be transient and only exist when the candle is on.

Abstract: Electric lighting devices are described having a candle body with an upper surface coupled to a sidewall. A flame element is disposed entirely outside of the candle body and include one or more magnets or a ferrous material. The flame element is supported above the upper surface by a support member that extends upwardly from the upper surface and terminates at a first end disposed within the flame element. This allows the flame element some degree of movement about the support member that combined with a light source configured to illuminate a surface of the flame element creates a flickering flame effect. The device can also include a drive mechanism such as an electromagnet that generates an electromagnetic field that interacts with the magnets of the flame element to thereby cause movement of the flame element.

Abstract: Various embodiments of electric lighting devices having projection screens are described. Some embodiments include a projection screen having a laminate structure, while other embodiments include a video screen that is embedded within the projection screen.