Abstract: The invention provides a protected silvered substrate of the type comprising in combination, a substrate having a layer of substantially silver deposited thereon, a layer of aluminum oxide secured to the silver layer, and a layer of silicon dioxide secured to the layer of aluminum oxide, characterized by a layer of zinc sulfide between the layer of substantially silver and the layer of aluminum oxide to improve the adhesion of the alumina to the silver and front surface mirrors and low emissivity glass utilizing the same.

Abstract: A container is disposed within a vacuum insulation jacket which surrounds a vessel or pipe which contains or through which flows a hydrogen containing medium. The container holds oxygen under pressure or holds a material which liberates oxygen when exposed to heat and/or reacts with water to liberate oxygen. The container is sealed by means of a membrane of palladium or palladium alloy. A water absorbing material is disposed inside the container. The palladium membrane is thus exposed on its first side facing the interior of the container to a region of relatively high oxygen pressure produced by the oxygen inside the container and low hydrogen partial pressure inside the container, and is exposed on its other side to the vacuum (low oxygen pressure, and higher hydrogen partial pressure as a result of the outgassing or permeation of hydrogen from the medium in contact with the vacuum chamber walls).