Abstract: The invention relates to method in a process for preparing extruded articles by flowing heat plastified stream of extrudable resinous thermoplastic material through an extrusion orifice. The invention relates further to an extrusion process and an apparatus. In the invention the stream can be separated into a central core stream and at least one boundary stream on the outside of the core stream. Modifying additives are added to the boundary streams while maintaining physical separation of the core and boundary streams. The streams are recombined prior expelling the material out of the extrusion orifice, said boundary streams being applied as a relatively thin surface layer having altered properties between the core layer and the surfaces of the extrusion orifice. The additives can alternatively be added directly to the surface portion of the material stream without any physical separation step.

Abstract: An arrangement in connection with clamping tools, which comprises a nozzle structure which consists of coaxially arranged nozzle elements and is arranged to form one or more layers which cover a flexible elongated element on the surface of the flexible elongated element, which passes through the innermost nozzle element, in which arrangement at least the head of the nozzle element, which controls the flexible elongated element, is a separate unit which is arranged to be pushed into its position in the direction of the flexible elongated element and provided with gripping means, which grip the innermost nozzle element of the nozzle structure as the unit arrives at the nozzle element. The joint between the separate unit and the nozzle element of the nozzle structure is arranged to be loosened by repulsive force acting on the separate unit in the direction of the flexible elongated element and the separate unit is arranged to exit from the nozzle structure in the direction of the flexible elongated element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in connection with processing polymer or elastomer material, wherein additive is added to the polymer or elastomer material, and the additive is subjected to the desired chemical reaction. To minimize energy consumption, infrared radiation is led to the polymer or elastomer material, the wavelength of the radiation being so chosen that the radiation penetrates optimally the polymer or elastomer material, but absorbs in the additive, producing the desired reaction in the additive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of crosslinking a polymer material with silane by means of heat, in which process a polymer, a grafting agent, an initiator and a crosslinking catalyst and optional additives are fed into an extruder and extruded to a homogenous mass by keeping the process temperature so low that the initiator used does not degrade during the extrusion and the optional additives do not react or degrade in the extruder, and, after the extrusion, the extruded mass is grafted and crosslinked. After the extrusion, the process of the invention comprises a step of heating the initiator, mixed homogenously with the polymer material, by means of infared radiation in a wavelength range absorbed by the initiator.

Abstract: An arrangement in connection with a belt drive device having two counter-rotating continuous belts operated by drive rollers traveling around stretching rollers, whereby the belts are urged towards one another by press rolls to draw a cable between the belts. Adjustment of the stretching rollers is provided by an adjustment mechanism that effects the axle with which the stretching rollers are associated.

Abstract: The cable is made up of a series of pairs stranded alternately in one direction and the other. At the locations of the reversal of the stranding direction, the individual conductors are kept in the form of a web and welded together side by side. Between two thus bonded segments, the adjacent pairs are twisted in opposite directions. A ground wire is provided with lengths of sheathing which come to be placed in the bonded segments. These segments are marked by deposition of a radioactive substance or other indicator material detectable during a subsequent stage of manufacture and actuating marking. Once overall stranding and jacketing have taken place, or during those stages, the bonded segments are spotted owing to the indicator substance and are marked visibly.

Abstract: The optical fiber paid out from a reel passes through an extrusion head, then through a cooling vat, the sheath extruded around it being pulled by a withdrawal device. The sheath then passes through a second vat, when the stranding element is withdrawn by an auxiliary withdrawal device under as low a tension as possible. In the second vat, the stranding element is reduced to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature so that contraction of the sheath ensures the excess length of the optical fiber.

Abstract: The cable is made up of a series of pairs stranded alternately in one direction and the other. At the locations of the reversal of the stranding direction, the individual conductors are kept in the form of a web and welded together side by side. Between two thus bonded segments, the adjacent pairs are twisted in opposite directions. A ground wire is provided with lengths of sheathing which come to be placed in the bonded segments. These segments are marked by deposition of a radioactive substance or other indicator material detectable during a subsequent stage of manufacture and actuating marking. Once overall stranding and jacketing have taken place, or during those stages, the bonded segments are spotted owing to the indicator substance and are marked visibly.

Abstract: A grooved cylindrical core or rod is conveyed in a state of elastic elongation, giving it excess length, through a distributing device and a die-plate. Optical fibers are each fitted in a respective groove of the rod at the entry of the die-plate. Downstream from the die-plate, the rod provided with the fibers passes through a zone in which there is a powerful electric field created by a ionization bar. Under the influence of the ionization, the fibers cling to the walls or bottoms of the grooves. This provides the drag necessary for stretching the fibers when they approach the rod.

Abstract: The optical fiber paid out from a reel passes through an extrusion head, then through a cooling vat, the sheath extruded around it being pulled by a withdrawal device. The sheath then passes through a second vat, when the stranding element is withdrawn by an auxiliary withdrawal device under as low a tension as possible. In the second vat, the stranding element is reduced to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature so that contraction of the sheath ensures the excess length of the optical fiber.

Abstract: An assembly of gates is provided at each end of a vat. Two uprights mounted on a lock-chamber floor support respective brackets. Pivoted between the floor and the brackets are gate flaps, the pivot rods of which are fitted in holes in the floor and in the brackets. Each gate flap includes a notch, and the successive gates match successive diameters of elongated elements which travel through the vat. In case of localized excess thickness on an elongated element, the impact causes spontaneous opening of the gate guiding the element.

Abstract: The drums to be loaded or unloaded are placed on a carriage borne by rollers and comprising telescopic arms. The carriage is guided along an arcuate path by a rigid arm and a pivot pin situated at the end of a bar supported by a base. A motor is provided on the carriage to drive the carriage in the arcuate path.

Abstract: A sliding base is guided for vertical movement on an upright of the traverse mechanism. It bears a camera having its lens directed along a horizontal axis toward a vertical bank of lights. A drum supported by uprights and driven rotatingly by a motor can move back and forth on rails, while the traversing carriage bearing vertical rolls guiding a cable can likewise move parallel to the axis of the drum in order to check and, if neccessary, modify the approach angle formed by the incoming cable about to be laid on the winding. The silhouette of the zone of the winding where the turns are laid down is formed on a receiving surface within the camera, this surface taking the form of a photodiode grid, the periodic scanning of which yields signals sensing the conditions under which the cable is being wound.

Abstract: The cylinder of the extruder comprises two parts separated by a heat-insulating gasket. In the wall of the upstream part there are ducts through which a cooling fluid flows. The inside surface of the upstream part is provided with parallel longitudinal grooves or spiralling grooves. The screw is divided into two zones, viz., a feed zone and a plasticizing zone which starts just after the heat-insulating gasket. The plasticizing zone includes an entry channel which gradually decreases in depth downstream and an exit channel which gradually increases in depth downstream. The mass of plastic material leaving the extruder is homogeneous and at a predetermined temperature with high output, as independently as possible of the material used.

Abstract: A vat under vacuum bears in its sidewall a sizing sleeve, the cylindrical downstream portion of which includes annular channels interconnected by distribution channels. Injection ducts leave the bottoms of the annular channels and open out in the inside surface of the sleeve. The interior of the sleeve communicates with the interior of the vat via rows of radial suction ducts. During operation, the injection ducts are supplied with water under pressure which forms a film between the outside of the tubing and the inside surface of the sleeve even when the tubing is pressed against that inside surface owing to the partial vacuum prevailing within the vat.

Abstract: The hopper of a screw communicates with a feed chamber situated upstream from the extruder cylinder. The substantially rectangular feed chamber is large enough so that the behavior of a mass of plastic material in its initial state, i.e., in the form of powder or pellets, is affected neither by the side-walls nor by the upper wall nor by the removable bottom of the chamber. Thus, in the case of pellets, the distance between any of those walls and the apex of the screw thread is appreciably greater than the average diameter of the pellets.

Abstract: A disk bearing a clamp for snagging the wire is supported by a bearing and attached by rods to a wire guard, the axial movements of which are controlled by a jack. The disk and guard are rotatingly driven via a pulley and a belt. Two driving mechanisms made up of couplings, driven pulleys, and driving pulleys make it possible to drive the guard and the disk via an auxiliary shaft either at a speed synchronized with that of the reel or at a slightly slower speed. The clamp then lags behind the reel and forms a loop with the leading end of the winding.

Abstract: A mixture of substances is fed to an extruder and, after being homogenized and liquefied, is extruded on an electric conductor or as a pipe. To meet electric cable specifications, the insulating material used is a polyolefin, such as polyethylene, cross-linking of which is brought about by the addition of a silane, a free-radical generator, and a silanol condensation catalyst. After extrusion, cross-linking takes place in the presence of moisture. To facilitate penetration of the moisture and accelerate cross-linking, an agent capable of reducing the rate of crystallization of the polymer, such as vinyl acetate, is used as a further additive.

Abstract: A double winding machine for winding wire on reels includes two reel supports with drive shafts. Each support is equipped with a snagging mechanism comprising a hook-bearing disk with hook, an uncoiling member, and a bearing for supporting the disk and the uncoiling member coaxially with the reel and for allowing relative displacement of the disk and uncoiling member between an initial and a displaced position. A disengageable coupler is provided to rotationally couple the disk, uncoiling member and reel. The coupler can be translationally disengaged. Brakes are provided for the disk to produce a lag between the disk and reel to lengthen the leading end of the wire. The relative displacement is performed with the lag, allowing the leading end to be retained in the hook and uncoiling member. The leading end is thus made accessible, even after winding is complete.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing insulated electric wire of the enamelled-wire type wherein an insulating sheath adhering to the wire is formed by extrusion of selected thermoplastics which are heated to a temperature above their melting-point, then pressed onto the wire while in a fluid state. The extrusion apparatus includes a gauging die with a compressing cone having an aperture angle of from 2.degree. to 20.degree., preferably 7.degree..